RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of effectively silencing or inhibiting the expression of target genes, which refers to the specific degradation of intracellular mRNA mediated by endogenous or exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Thus, resulting in target gene silencing and corresponding loss of functional phenotype. RNAi, as a novel and powerful gene silencing tool, is widely used in biological and therapeutic research, especially for ineffective targets in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. siRNA and miRNA Comparison Similarities: The length of siRNA and miRNA are each abou ..read more

Recombinant DNA technology and recombinant protein expression provide a practical way to simplify the production of high-purity target proteins and the development of assay kits. Among them, antibodies and antibody fragments are being developed as key reagents for advanced diagnosis and therapy. Mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, bacteria, and transgenic animals. have been used in the expression of recombinant antibodies. Glycosylation modification is essential for full-length antibodies and must be produced by a mammalian cell expression system. However, it is not required for most antibo ..read more

Plasmids are small DNA molecules that exist in cells and can replicate independently in vitro. Their sizes range from 1 kb to 200 kb. Most plasmids from bacterial cells are double stranded, covalently closed, circular molecules in supercoiled form. Classification of Plasmids According to different classification criteria, plasmids can be divided into different categories. According to the transfer characteristics of plasmids, plasmids can be classified as conjugated or non-conjugated. According plasmid replication characteristics, plasmids can be classified as tight or relaxed. According to t ..read more

RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing phenomenon mediated by small double-stranded RNA with a length of 20-30nt. This life process is highly conserved during evolution and regulates the transcription and translation of many genes encoding functional proteins. siRNA (Small interfering RNA) and miRNA (microRNA), as non-coding RNA, are common RNAi tools used in gene function research and disease treatment. siRNA is the simplest and most efficient way to knock down gene expression to study protein function in a wide range of cell types. It is also the best method for cl ..read more

CRISPR gene editing technology is another major breakthrough following TALEN technology. Upon searching “CRISPR-Cas9” within NCBI PubMed’s database, the results showed that the number of research articles increased year by year from 2002 to 2018 (as of May 26, 2018). Also, Nature, Cell, Science, and other world-class journals competed to report on this breakthrough gene editing technology. As we know, the occurrence and development of cancer is a highly complex process involving a multitude of genes and multi-channel interactions. Many scientists have been trying to solve the mechanism of can ..read more

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway is an important pathway in antiviral immunity involving a variety of mechanisms and responses. Viruses can evade this defense by encoding viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). For example, baculovirus P35 can inhibit cellular small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathways. It was found that Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus, the p35 protein of BmNPV, disrupts the function of siRNA by preventing the loading of siRNA into Argonaute-2 (Ago2) and enhances the replication of BmNPV. This wiki shares how BmNPV’s p35 protein restricts the host siRNA pathway. p35 of BmNPV Restri ..read more

In terms of drug discovery, proteins can not only serve as drug targets such as ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and transporters, but can also have therapeutic potential, such as antibodies, clotting factors, hormones, growth factors, enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides. In 1982, the first recombinant protein drug, recombinant human insulin, was launched, followed by important drugs such as recombinant human growth hormone and various recombinant human cytokines. The research and development of these recombinant protein drugs promoted the rapid development of biological drugs. In recent yea ..read more

In the advent of the era of data explosion, traditional data storage media can no longer meet the current needs of the world. The development of new data storage media has become a recent trend for scientific and technological development. As a medium of data storage, DNA has become one of the powerful magic weapons to solve the data storage crisis because of its high storage density, long storage time, small space occupation, and low maintenance cost. DNA Data Storage Market Size The global DNA data storage market is estimated to grow from $36.4 million in 2020 to $525.3 million in 2025, wit ..read more

Codon optimization is one of the most important strategies to improve the expression of heterologous proteins because the use of codons varies greatly among different host cells. This can be summarized as follows: codon preference, codon coordination, and codon sensitivity. Only by understanding the secret of codon usage can we better utilize the appropriate codon to express the target protein efficiently in an experiment. Codon Preference Codons are redundant, but host cells do not use every codon equally to encode amino acids. A large number of studies have shown that highly expressed genes ..read more

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a potentially devastating myopathy caused by de-repression of the DUX4 gene in skeletal muscles. Effective therapies will likely involve DUX4 inhibition. miRNAs are single-stranded, small, non-coding RNA of 22 nucleotides that play important roles as endogenous gene regulators by mediating translation repression or promoting degradation of target mRNA. While the normal expression and function of miRNAs are vital for physiological processes, aberrant expression of miRNAs has been proven to be closely related to the occurrence of various cancers ..read more