Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. General Health Tests Medical history Family history Physical exam 2. Imaging Tests Computed Tomography (CT) scan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan Ultrasound (US) Ureteroscopy 3. Blood Tests Complete blood count (CBC) Blood chemistry tests 4. Urine Tests Urinalysis Urine cytology 5. Tissue Tests Many kidney cancers are found by chance during imaging tests given for other health problems. Other times, testing is started when a person has signs or symptoms of kidney cancer. This article describes the tests for kidney cancer is first suspected o ..read more

Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. The Decision is Entirely Yours 2. Questions About Kidney Cancer Treatment Questions to ask your doctors about testing Questions to ask your doctors about treatments Questions to ask your doctors about clinical trials 3. Deciding Between Options Getting a second opinion Things you can do to prepare Getting support Cancer can be very stressful. While absorbing the fact that you have cancer, you must also learn about tests and treatments. And, the time you have to decide on a treatment plan may feel short. This article aims to help you talk with your d ..read more

According to the data obtained from the studies, renal cell carcinoma constitutes approximately 90% of 65,150 new cancer cases diagnosed and is also the main cause of 13,680 deaths in the year of 2013. Especially with recent advances in imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and increasing access to these technologies, renal masses diagnosed with symptoms at the late stage have begun to be caught at much earlier stages. While the percentage of tumors diagnosed incidentally in 1970 ranged from 3% to 13%, this rate now ranges from 48% to 66%. How ..read more

Many renal masses do not give any sign or symptoms until they reach the late stages and the disease progresses. Already more than 50% of the diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is made incidentally. Most of these incidental diagnoses occur during the non-invasive imaging researches such as ultrasound, which are ordered for various non-specific reasons or abdominal symptoms. [89,100] Although the classic triad of flank pain, macroscopic hematuria, and palpable abdominal mass has been reported in patients with aggressive and advanced disease of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), these 3 symptoms ..read more

Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. Survival Rates for Renal Cell Carcinoma 2. Anatomical Prognostic Factors 3. Histological Prognostic Factors Differences between Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) subtypes Table of histological prognostic factors Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma by stage and histopathological grade Survival of patients treated by radical nephrectomy or partial radical nephrectomy 4. Clinical Prognostic Factors 5. Molecular Prognostic Factors 6. Prognostic Systems and Nomograms 7. References Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCC) originating from the renal cortex of the kidney compri ..read more

Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. Staging T – Primary Tumor T1/T1a/T1b T2/T2a/T2b T3/T3a/T3b/T3c T4 N – Regional Lymph Nodes N0 N1 M – Distant Metastasis M0 M1 Summary Tables 2. Uncertainties in Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification 3. Pathologic Tumour Node Metastasis Classification (pTNM) Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Summary Table 4. Anatomical Classifications 5. References In both clinical and scientific classification of renal cell carcinoma, it is recommended to use Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) classification used in almost all cancers today. [1] Tumour Node Met ..read more

Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. Staging T – Primary Tumor T1/T1a/T1b T2/T2a/T2b T3/T3a/T3b/T3c T4 N – Regional Lymph Nodes N0 N1 M – Distant Metastasis M0 M1 Summary Tables 2. Uncertainties in Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) Classification 3. Pathologic Tumour Node Metastasis Classification (pTNM) Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Summary Table 4. Anatomical Classifications In both clinical and scientific classification of renal cell carcinoma, it is recommended to use Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) classification used in almost all cancers today. [86] [1] Tumour Node Metastasis ..read more

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) accounts for the majority of renal tumors. The proportion of these tumors in all kidney tumors is approximately 85% to 90%. Also, Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a large cancer title which is divided into many subtypes, and the most common seen subtype is clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although the most commonly diagnosed renal tumors are medullary renal tumors, approximately 10-15% of the kidney masses are rare renal tumors, which are tumors that derived from the cortex. [34] Renal cortical tumors are very rare renal tumors with sporadic and familial types and ..read more

Table of Content (Show/Hide) 1. Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (ccRCC) Association with von Hippel Lindau (VHL) Morphology Genetic Prognosis Survival rates 2. Papillary Cell Renal Carcinoma (pRCC) Histopathology Subtypes Genetic Morphology Prognosis 3. Chromophobe Renal Cell Cancer (chRCC) Histopathology Grading Subtypes Differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma and oncocytoma Genetic Prognosis 4. Collecting Duct Carcinoma Histopathology Genetics 5. Renal Medullary Carcinoma Clinical manifestations Histopathology Genetics 6. Mucinous Tubular and Spindle-Cell Carcinoma Clinical m ..read more

1.Symptoms Many renal masses remain asymptomatic until the late disease stages. More than 50% of RCCs are detected incidentally by non-invasive imaging investigating various non-specific symptoms and other abdominal diseases [89,100]. The classic triad of flank pain, visible haematuria, and palpable abdominal mass is rare (6-10%) and correlates with aggressive histology and advanced disease [41,101]. Paraneoplastic syndromes are found in approximately 30% of patients with symptomatic RCCs [102]. Some symptomatic patients present with symptoms caused by metastatic disease, such as bone pa ..read more