Why are they referred to as MHC class I (or i) and II (or ii) instead of MHC class 1 and 2? submitted by /u/SkyeGuy8108 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

My understanding is that natural killer cells are always circulating and looking for cells that aren't displaying MHC-I to induce apoptosis in. In other words, they don't need to be activated by any other cell? Also, I wonder what would have to happen to increase the number of natural killers being produced? For example, if they find a large tumor? submitted by /u/Low-Efficiency2452 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

What is it that determines whether a T cell becomes a cytotoxic or a helper? submitted by /u/Low-Efficiency2452 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

Question: I understand that a cytotoxic T cell can be partially activated by a dendritic cell that is acting as an APC, then fully activated by a helper T cell (that itself was already activated by the same antigen). How does the second activation of the cytotoxic T cell occur, given that neither of the T cells is an antigen presenter? ... Am I missing something? ... submitted by /u/Low-Efficiency2452 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

Hi team. I'm super embarrassed to ask this question given that I've used the tool frequently, but I'd like to know how antibodies are able to deplete cell types? I've done a lot of googling but I've yet to find the actually explanation of why/how this works. Does it have to do with opsonisation of the cell after the ab binds the target due to the species of the ab? I'm talking about CD4 specific T cell depletion with GK1.5, for example. Literature links and/or references highly appreciated. It's just always puzzled me. submitted by /u/Wonderful_Lettuce778 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

I am looking for the terminology for a specific interaction. When a host protein that is non-immunogenic binds to a immunogenic foreign body like a viral protein or PAMP and an immune reaction occurs against that host protein being the immune system sees it as part of the foreign body what is this called? I was thinking Hapten but that only includes compounds up to a molecular mass of 1000da not bigger. Further, from my understanding the carrier protein of said Hapten does not perpetrate and immune reaction by itself. Whereas, viral proteins or PAMPs can. submitted by /u/CrypticMap [visit re ..read more

I have read that the indicator of mast cell activity is tryptase. But I have also read that not everyone with allergies, and not even everyone with anaphylaxis, has high levels of tryptase. So I wanted to know if mast cells can choose what they release, like the way that body cells only transport certain things in and out, as opposed to sucking in literally everything around them or spitting out their entire contents. Do mast cells work like a stomach, vomiting everything, or can they be selective? When mast cells get "sensitized", and they start reacting to lots of things, surely that's evid ..read more

Since malaria infects red blood cells, and red blood cells don't have MHC-I, I was wondering what the human immune system does to try to eradicate this infection. Is there any way for the immune system to kill infected red blood cells? Or does it only try to attack the parasite when it is outside the cells? (Any links to relevant papers would be good too.) submitted by /u/Low-Efficiency2452 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

I am stunned by what AI tools can do for research. Feel some can just write manuscripts and grants for you. Do other people use any AI regularly for their research? What are the tools people like? submitted by /u/Wide_Chocolate6516 [visit reddit] [comments ..read more

Hello everyone, please help me figure this out. The influence of urgent stress on the functional activity of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils). What is the cause of neutrophilia, basopenia and eosinopenia? The influence of the general adaptation syndrome on the functional activity of granulocytes submitted by /u/geoshiz [visit reddit] [comments ..read more