Aqueous Humor is a thin and transparent fluid produced by the eye. The fluid contains 99.9% water and 0.1% sugars, proteins, vitamins, and other nutrients. Nutrients like amino acids and glucose help maintain the eye in a pressurized state, as the fluid nourishes the lens and maintains the shape of the cornea. Vitamin C transports vitamin C to the front segment of the eye to act as an antioxidant agent. It provides inflation for the expansion of the cornea, protecting it from dust, wind, pollen grains, and pathogens. The aqueous humor flows from the ciliary body into the anterior chamber and ..read more

Lattice Degeneration is an abnormal thinning of the retina. When this condition is present, the retina is more susceptible to developing tears, breaks, or holes, ultimately leading to a retinal detachment. Due to the severity of the condition, lattice degeneration should be closely monitored. Lattice degeneration is most common in those with nearsightedness and diseases like Marfan and Stickler syndrome. The cause of this condition is unknown but appears to be genetic in some cases. About 10 percent of people suffer from this condition, and most are asymptomatic or show no symptoms of vision l ..read more

Corneal edema refers to the swelling of the cornea. The cornea is a clear dome-shaped outer surface of the eye that helps you see clearly. It’s a transparent tissue layer that transmits and focuses light. This condition is caused by a buildup of fluid in the cornea. When left untreated, corneal edema can lead to cloudy vision. Damage to the cornea can significantly impair your vision and affect the proper functioning part of your eye. The cornea has five crucial layers: the epithelium, bowman’s membrane, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium. Each layer works in unison to capture light ..read more

Thyroid Eye Disease may be due to Graves’ Disease or other thyroid abnormalities. The condition causes inflammation in the muscles and soft tissues of the eye socket. This inflammation causes your eyeballs to bulge from their sockets and can be severe enough to result in vision loss. Extraocular muscles that control movement may be affected and can lead to muscle enlargement, restriction, or even double vision. Symptoms may include Pain when looking up, down, or sideways Swelling of the orbital tissues Dry eyes The sensation of grit or irritation in the eye Bloodshot eyes Double vision Light ..read more

When the tear drainage system is either fully or partially blocked, it is a blocked tear duct. Tears that are unable to drain normally may result in wet, itchy, or infected eyes. People of all ages may experience symptoms and can possibly develop this condition. Basic tears are produced in the conjunctiva lining the lids. Your lacrimal glands, positioned above each eye, produce most of your tears. Tears lubricate and protect the surface of your eye before draining through tiny ducts in the corners of your upper and lower eyelids. Clogs can occur in any part of the tear drainage system. When th ..read more

A retina specialist is an ophthalmologist with years of additional training in diagnosing and treating abnormalities of the macula, retina, and vitreous body of the eye. They can effectively treat age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachments, and vascular diseases of the eye in addition to other conditions. Retina doctors use specialized advanced technology to examine the retina and the blood vessels that supply it. The retina is a thin layer of cells lining the inside of the back part of the eye. These cells receive light and send signals to the brain, which are ..read more

A macular pucker occurs when a membrane grows over the retina and wrinkles or creases the retina which alters the contour of your macula. The macula must lie flat for your eye to function properly. When the macula wrinkles or bulges, your central vision becomes distorted or blurry. This macula region is located in the center of the retina. This is responsible for viewing fine details. Problems viewing finer details can cause you to see gray, cloudy, blank areas or to perceive crooked or wavy lines. The most common risk factor for macular pucker is aging. The vitreous changes over time, and pul ..read more

Flashes are the appearance of “lightning streaks” in the field of vision. It can occur when the vitreous pulls on the retina. People with retinal issues often have momentary lightning streaks that look like jagged lines. Other flashes can be caused by migraines and appear as “heat waves” that can last up to 20 minutes. A migraine is a spasm of blood vessels in the brain that causes this type of flash. On the other hand, Floaters are tiny, dark specks, lines, or opacities that float across the vision. You will notice floaters when looking at something plain, like a blank wall or sky. They can c ..read more

Ptosis usually refers to the drooping of the upper eyelid, a common condition. The causes of ptosis include a muscular etiology such as muscle weakness, dislocation of the eyelid muscles, or redundant excessive skin. This eye condition could be due to a congenital condition or may be an acquired condition with many causes. Often a familial tenancy or genetic predisposition can lead to ptosis. Common predisposing factors for acquired ptosis include previous eye or eyelid surgery, long-standing contact lens wear, trauma, and thyroid disease. A complete ptosis workup is necessary to determine wha ..read more

Ectropion and entropion are two types of eyelid abnormalities that can irritate the eyes and create discomfort. As the muscles and other tissues around the eyes deteriorate with age, this becomes a more common condition. Normal upper and lower eyelids seal tightly over the eyeball. This protects the eye from external harm and prevents tears from evaporating, allowing the eye to stay moisturized. This manifests as a visual deformity causing symptoms such as wetting and eye redness. Ectropion develops when the eyelid turns outward. This causes the inner surface of the eyelid to become vulnerable ..read more