Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals on consumption of cereal gluten proteins. It is a unique complex immune disorder to study as the driving antigen is known and the tissue targeted by the immune reaction can be interrogated. This review integrates findings gained from genetic, biochemical and immunological studies, which together have revealed mechanisms of gluten peptide modification and HLA binding thereby enabling a maladapted anti-gluten immune response ..read more

Although many biomarkers have been proposed and several are in widespread clinical use, there is no single readout or combination of readouts that correlates tightly with gluten exposure, disease activity or end-organ damage in treated celiac disease patients. Challenges to developing and evaluating better biomarkers include significant interindividual variability related to immune amplification of gluten exposure and how effects of immune activation are manifest. Furthermore, the current “gold standard” for assessment of end-organ damage, small intestinal biopsy, is itself highly imperfect, s ..read more

Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of global relevance, with the potential for acute and long-term complications. However, the economic burden of CeD is rarely considered and largely thought of as limited to the cost of gluten-free food. Fortunately, recent research has shed light on the various societal costs of CeD across the healthcare continuum.In this article, we summarize the current evidence on the economic impacts of CeD which suggest that the societal economic burden of CeD stretches beyond the cost of gluten-free food ..read more

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