INTRODUCTION The bacteria Salmonella Typhi, which is well-known for its effects on public health, is essential to epidemiology and scientific study. Salmonella Typhi, a prominent member of the Salmonella genus, is named for its discoverers and is linked to a particular type of infection called typhoid fever. Although this bacterium can cause serious illness, it also sheds light on the connections between microbes in the human body. Typhoid fever, a potentially fatal and systemic illness, is associated with the presence of Salmonella Typhi in the human digestive system. The intricate relat ..read more

Definition The Acetamide Utilization Test is a biochemical test used in microbiology to determine the ability of microorganisms to utilize acetamide for bacterial growth and metabolism through the process of deamidation (an important metabolic pathway involving the conversion of acetamide). This biochemical test is specifically performed for the identification of aerobic microorganisms. Principal Acetamide (a simple organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen) serves as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for microorganisms. Microorganisms utilize acetamide through the proce ..read more

Introduction: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an enzymatic process and an outstanding molecular biology technology that allows particular DNA sequences to be amplified. PCR, invented by Kary B. Mullis in 1983, has become a vital tool in a wide range of scientific areas, including genetics, forensics, medicine, and biotechnology. The method allows for the rapid replication of a specific DNA region, allowing for the generation of millions of copies from a small initial sample. Principle of PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a commonly used nucleic acid amplification technology based ..read more

Introduction E. coli overview Escherichia coli, also referred to as E. coli, is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative member of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria. E. Coli is a common environmental microbe that is also present in warm-blooded animals’ intestines. It is a key indicator organism in microbiology. Due to its dual position as a commensal bacterium in the human gastrointestinal tract and a potential pathogen, this bacterium has attracted a lot of research. Also Read: E. coli – A Comprehensive and Easy to understand notes The ability to ferment lactose and its rod-shaped morp ..read more

Introduction: In the world of microbiology, the effective and safe transfer of viral specimens is critical for accurate diagnostic tests and research. Viral Transport Media (VTM) is essential for protecting the viability of viral samples throughout transportation, ensuring the stability of genetic material, and aiding virus isolation. This comprehensive overview looks into the significance of VTM, its composition, and the critical considerations for its use in a variety of laboratory settings. Also Read:Transport media | Its types, uses, with 19 Examples Viral Transport Media (VTM) serves as t ..read more

Background Knowledge The transportation of microbiological specimens from the collecting location to the laboratory is an important step in providing reliable and exact diagnostic results. Microorganism viability and integrity can be affected during shipping, resulting in false-negative results or biassed microbial profiles. To tackle these challenges, Microbiologists use specialized formulations known as transport media. Also Read:Culture media preparation – Best ways to avoid contamination Definition Transport media are culture media that are used to keep pathogenic microorganisms alive in a ..read more

Definition of ELISA The presence or absence of either specific antibodies or antigens in a sample is measured and detected by the commonly used assay known as ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). This assay is based on the attachment of antibodies or antigens (depending on the target) to a solid surface. Then a detectable signal is generated by adding either enzymes or fluorescent markers. ELISA is commonly used for research purposes, medical diagnostics, and many other fields of science for the quantification and identification of viruses, hormones, proteins, and bacteria. Must Read: An ..read more

Introduction Microscopes have revolutionized the way we see the world, especially the invisible components that are invisible to the naked eye. The history of microscopes dates back to the late 16th century. The earliest microscope was created by Zacharias Jansen, a Dutch spectacle maker, around 1590. However, it was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century who significantly improved the microscope, enabling its practical use in scientific research.  The microscope’s evolution over the centuries has been marked by significant technological advancements, leading to more sophisticated ty ..read more

Introduction Escherichia coli, also referred to as E. coli, is an essential bacterium that has significant effects on everyday life and scientific research. This bacterium, which bears the name Escherich after its discoverer, is a vital component of the digestive system in both humans and warm-blooded animals because it helps produce specific vitamins and maintains the general equilibrium of the gut microbiota. Even though many E. Coli strains are harmless, some variations can cause symptoms ranging from minor infections to serious gastrointestinal problems. The fact that this bacterium is bot ..read more

Introduction:         Opsonization functions in our immune system like a superhero, controlling behind the scenes to keep us healthy. Imagine it as a protective barrier with small soldiers known as antibodies and complement proteins working together to label bad guys (pathogens) for capture.      These little warriors ensure that our cleanup team, the phagocytes, know whom exactly to target. It’s like a well-choreographed dance in which immune cells and antibodies work together to attack the invaders. Opsonization isn’t just a unique ..read more