Function of Oxysterols xysterols, as oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, play multifaceted roles in biological systems, exerting diverse functions that are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating physiological processes. Understanding the functions of oxysterols is essential for elucidating their contributions to health and disease. Below, we delve into the intricate functions of oxysterols: Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis: One of the primary functions of oxysterols is their involvement in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis. Oxysterols act as i ..read more

Principles of DIA Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) operates on the principle of comprehensive data acquisition across the entire mass range of interest. Unlike traditional methods, DIA does not rely on precursor ion selection. Instead, it systematically fragments all ions within predefined mass windows, generating a rich dataset that encompasses a broad spectrum of molecular species. This unbiased approach is particularly advantageous for identifying low-abundance molecules and provides a holistic view of the sample composition. DIA's Role and Applications Comprehensive Data Acquisition: DIA ..read more

What is metabolomics approach in plants? The metabolomics approach in plants involves a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the complete set of metabolites present within plant tissues. Metabolites are small molecules that are the end products of cellular processes, reflecting the biochemical status of a biological system at a given point in time. The metabolome represents the entire complement of these metabolites, providing a snapshot of the physiological state of a plant. One of the key aspects of the plant metabolomics approach is the utilization of advanced analytical techniques to i ..read more

What is Organelle Omics? The cellular world is a complex interplay of various organelles, each with its own set of functions and significance. Organelle omics analysis is a revolutionary approach in cellular biology that involves the comprehensive study of cellular organelles at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. By scrutinizing the genetic, RNA, protein, and metabolic profiles of specific organelles, this multidimensional analysis provides a nuanced understanding of their functions and interactions within the cellular context. The integration of data from various ..read more

Introduction to Luminex Multiplex Luminex Multiplex Technology represents a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of cytokine analysis, offering a sophisticated and efficient approach to decipher the complexities of biological samples. At its core, the Luminex system utilizes color-coded microspheres, each uniquely coated with specific capture antibodies, setting the stage for a comprehensive understanding of multiple analytes within a single sample. Microspheres as Color-Coded Messengers: At the heart of Luminex Multiplex Technology lies the innovation of microspheres—tiny, color-coded mess ..read more

What is Venom and Venomics? Venom is a complex mixture of toxins that is typically injected into another organism through specialized structures such as fangs or stingers. It is produced by certain animals, including snakes, spiders, scorpions, and some marine organisms. Venom serves various functions, such as prey immobilization, self-defense, and competition with other individuals. The composition of venom is diverse, containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other bioactive molecules that can have profound effects on the physiology of the envenomed organism. Venomics is the scientific stu ..read more

Proteomics, the study of proteins and their functions within biological systems, has become a pivotal field in modern molecular biology. This article explores advanced protein sequencing techniques, shedding light on N-Terminal Sequencing, Full-Length Sequencing, Edman Degradation, Protein De Novo Sequencing, C-Terminal Sequencing, Top-Down Protein Sequencing, Antibody De Novo Sequencing, and Peptide Sequencing. Protein sequencing using tandem MS(Saraswathy et al., 2011). N-Terminal Sequencing The N-terminus refers to the end of a polypeptide chain where the first amino acid is located. N-ter ..read more

Introduction of One-Carbon Metabolism The fundamental unit of life is the cell, which is a minuscule yet complex biological entity. The biochemical processes within cells form the cornerstone of life, relying on various organic molecules to perform essential functions. These organic molecules include glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleic acids, which play critical roles within cells. The driving force for these biochemical processes within cells comes from the energy molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These biochemical processes within cells fall into two major categories, namely ..read more

Structural Diversity of Leukotrienes Leukotrienes, derived from arachidonic acid metabolism, exhibit diverse structures, driving their distinct functions. Arachidonic acid serves as their common backbone. Leukotriene A4 (LTA4), a pivotal intermediate, undergoes enzymatic transformations to yield leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4). LTB4, characterized by a diene structure, acts as a potent chemoattractant, guiding immune cells to inflammation sites. Cysteinyl leukotrienes, bearing a thiol group, play roles in bronchoconstriction and inflammation. LTC4's peptide ..read more

Polysaccharides, commonly known as complex carbohydrates, represent a vital group of biomolecules widely distributed in the natural environment. Comprising extended chains of sugar units, polysaccharides serve as fundamental contributors to diverse biological functions and find broad utility in numerous industrial sectors. Types of Polysaccharides Polysaccharides encompass a variety of distinct molecules, each with its own unique structures and functions. In this section, we'll delve deeper into the three major types of polysaccharides: starch, cellulose, and glycogen. A. Starch Starch is a pr ..read more