The Earth’s crust is composed of various types of rocks that have been formed over millions of years through geological processes. Rocks are naturally occurring solid masses of mineral material, and they can be classified into three main categories: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. These rock types are formed through the rock cycle, a continuous process that involves the transformation of one rock type into another. Sedimentary Rocks: Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and compression of sediments, such as mineral particles, organic matter, and fragments of pre ..read more

Geotechnical investigation is a crucial aspect of civil engineering, involving the study and evaluation of soil, rocks, and groundwater conditions for construction projects. This process provides valuable information for designing foundations, earthworks, and other structures, ensuring their stability and safety. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of geotechnical investigation, including its importance, methods, and key components.  Importance of Geotechnical Investigation: Geotechnical investigation plays a vital role in civil engineering projects for several reasons: 1 ..read more

Geology, the science that unravels the Earth’s history and processes, is a treasure trove of fascinating and awe-inspiring facts. In this collection of 40 fun facts about geology, we will delve into various aspects of this science, shedding light on Earth’s birth, its inner secrets, and the remarkable features that shape our world today. From the formation of our planet to the dynamics of its ever-changing surface, geology offers a captivating journey through time and space. 20 Unknown Geology Fun Facts Join us on this geological adventure, where every fact is a stepping stone into the Earth’s ..read more

In this article, we embark on an enlightening exploration of the Geologic Time Scale, delving into 50 intriguing questions and their answers. From the vast expanse of eons and eras to the finer details of epochs and periods, we will unravel the mysteries of Earth’s past and shed light on the defining moments and significant geological events that have occurred throughout history. What is the Geologic Time Scale? The Geological Time Scale is a system used by geologists and scientists to divide and categorize Earth’s history into distinct time intervals. It provides a framework for understandin ..read more

Rock salt, also known as halite or sodium chloride, is a versatile and useful mineral that has many uses beyond just being a common household seasoning. In this blog post, we will discuss five uses for rock salt that you should know about de-icing roads and sidewalks, preserving food, enhancing flavor in cooking, creating saltwater for aquariums, and providing relief for sore muscles. What is rock salt and what is it used for? Now, we will list down some uses of rock salt in different ways. Use of Rock Salt in preserving food Preserving food is another important use of rock salt. Because it ha ..read more

Tunnels are real wonders of Geological Engineering. There are many tunnels in Pakistan that are constructed using modern engineering techniques. Some of them are discussed here in this article What are tunnels? A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The c ..read more

This article will help you understand what are earthquakes, epicenter of an earthquake, elastic rebound theory, where do earthquakes occur and how often. What are Earthquakes The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks Continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks What is the Elastic Rebound Theory? The elastic rebound theory explains how energy is stored in rocks; Rocks bend until the strength of the rock is exceeded, Rupture occurs and the rocks quickly rebound to an undeformed shape, Energy is released i ..read more

Oil & Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL) has announced an internship program in 2021 for graduates in Geology, Geological Engineering, and Geophysics. This is a great opportunity for fresh graduates to experience the working of oil and gas producing field. Now a days, there is a shortage of jobs in the market and OGDCL takes this initiative to empower youth. Therefore, this job/internship will provide graduates exposure to fieldwork. Advantages of OGDCL Internship 2021 The Internship Program has many benefits for Fresh Graduates This internship is for 1 year with Rs. 40,000/- stipend ..read more

In this article, we will study the Mohs scale of mineral hardness and how to use it to identify different minerals. What are Minerals? A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin (not produced by life processes). A mineral has one specific chemical composition. There are over 5300 known minerals. The silicate minerals compose over 90% of the earth’s crust. Silicon and oxygen constitute over 75% of the earth’s crust. Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical co ..read more

In this article, we will discuss the identification of minerals using streaks on a porcelain plate. In Geology, it is important to recognize minerals and rocks. Sometimes the color of different minerals is the same and it is difficult to identify them only by visual testing. However, the same color minerals have different colors in powder form (streak) and it can be used to differentiate them from each other. Different types of minerals What are minerals? A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin (not produced by life pr ..read more