What is the purpose of keeping tremie pipe’s tip immersed in freshly-placed concrete for about 1m in underwater concreting? The size of tremie pipe is about 300mm with sections having flange couplings fitted with gasket to prevent water leakage. The tremie pipe should be closed initially to prevent water from entering the pipe. It should be designed with sufficient thickness and weight so that it would not be buoyant when empty inside water. The placement of tremie concrete is commenced by putting the closed pipe underwater to the location for concreting, followed by partial filling of ..read more

WHAT IS FLY ASH??  Fly ash is a by-product of the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal power plants. The dust collection system removes the fly ash, as a fine particulate residue, from the combustion gases before they are discharged into the atmosphere. Fly ashes exhibit pozzolanic activity. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines a pozzolan as “a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value but which will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically reac ..read more

  STP Water Testing. This procedure is applicable to check Quality of STP Water. 1.0 Purpose:  To Check Quality of STP Water using O- Tolidine, Universal  Indicator, Hardness A, B, & R.  2.0 Apparatus:  Measuring Jar 50ml capacity. 3.0 Material:  STP Water, O- Tolidine, Universal Indicator, Hardness A, B, & R. 4.0 Procedure: 4.1 For Checking of Free Chlorine a) Take 10ml of S.T.P. water in a cylinder and add approximately 6 drops of O- Tolidine to it. b)Shake the cylinder and observe the change in colour. c)Then match the colour with the PPM tube ..read more

BLOCK MASONRY Generally we are using in both residential and commercial buildings Hollow and Solid Block masonry as per site requirement.   Specification And General Guidelines For Block Masonry 1) Before starting any block work, prepare masonry layout on Typical Floor Plan (Architecture Plan/ Chaapkam drg.). Thickness of each wall to be marked on plan in different colours (Legend Type) and to be approved by the Project Incharge.Drawing is prepared before starting of first slab to put Electrical Conduits. 2. For H/B Ratio for less than or greater than 4 meter long masonry ..read more

RCC WINDOW SILL Following points to be noted while doing RCC Window Sill. 1) Window sill to be cast with proper shuttering, line and level. 2) Upstand portion to be cast simultaneously with main part of RCC window sill without having any joints between the main parts and upstand. 3) For better finish and correct alignment of upstand use M.S. angle (ISA 40x40x5mm). 4) Window sill to be cast upto the column face, & if column is far away from window face ( say 5’ ) window sill will be cast minimum upto 2 ft. from the face of window. 5. Window sill to be cured for 7 days covered w ..read more

FOLLOWING POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED AND CARE TO BE TAKEN WHILE ERECTING THE DOOR FRAME: 1) Before fixing of door frame, apply black Japan (coal tar) over the rough surface of the door frame which is touching to the RCC member/block masonry and Primer to be applied on finished surface of door frame, if painting coming on the door frame, so that application of black Japan (coal tar) and primer to be done at ground level only. Do not take materials up without application of black Japan (coal tar) and primer.  2) Different types of Holdfast and their uses. 3) Fix the ..read more

What are the important aspects and specifications of RCC foundations with respect to shuttering, reinforcement, concreting and curing? 1. Provide suitable safe ladders for workers and other people to go down for working and inspection. Proper arrangements shall be made to reach every part of building. 2. Provide stable railing for making center column points. Normally top of railing is kept above starter on plinth beams. But in case of excessive heights, one can also provide intermediate one. 3. Check strata of foundation through RCC consultant. Remove any loose pockets and carr ..read more

What is the difference between carbonation and carbon dioxide attack? For carbon dioxide attack, carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a weak acid called carbonic acid. It would dissolve the cement matrix. However, the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is usually not sufficient to cause harm to concrete structures until additional source of carbon dioxide is available (e.g. decaying vegetable matter). Carbonation is the process of converting alkaline hydroxides in concrete to carbonates by reaction with carbon dioxide. The significance of car ..read more

What is GGBS?? GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag). What is the advantage of using GGBS as replacement of cement in concrete? From structural point of view, GGBS replacement enhances lower heat of hydration, higher durability and higher resistance to sulphate and chloride attack when compared with normal ordinary concrete. On the other hand, it also contributes to environmental protection because it minimizes the use of cement during the production of concrete. However, it is identified that there are still some hindrances that prevent the prevalence ..read more

differences between epoxy grout, cement grout and cement mortar Epoxy groutIn fact, there are various types of resin used in construction industry like epoxy, polyester, polyurethane etc. Though epoxy grout appears to imply the presence of cement material by its name, it does not contain any cement at all. On the other hand, epoxy hardener serves to initiate the hardening process of epoxy grout. It is commonly used for repairing hairline cracks and cavities in concrete structures and can be adopted as primer or bonding agent. Cement groutratio of cement of water ..read more