Foundation is the most essential part of a structure/building which transfers the total load of of the structure and its components to a competent surface on the ground Foundation is the last part of the structure which touches the ground and the area of contact with ground is called foundation bed. Every structure is divided into two main components. a) Sub structure b) Super structure All components coming below ground level is called sub structure and all components coming above the ground like columns, slabs etc are called super structure. Foundations are coming in the substructure catego ..read more

WHAT IS CONCRETE ? CONCRETE IS MADE OF CEMENT, SAND AND AGGREGATE ( BROKEN STONE PREFERABLY) MIXED WITH WATER IN DESIGN RATIOS .THE MIXTURE ON POURING INTO MOULDS/SHUTTERING CONSOLIDATES IN COURSE OF TIME TO FORM A UNIFORM MASS CALLED CONCRETE. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF CONCRETE COMMONLY USED ? A VARIETY OF CONCRETE TYPES ARE COMMONLY USED IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. HERE WE ARE LISTING THE ONES WHICH ARE COMMONLY USED.. a) PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC) b) REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (RCC) c) PRE – STRESSED CONCRETE d) PRECAST CONCRETE e) SELF COMPACTED CONCRETE HOW ARE THE TYPES OF CONCRETE D ..read more

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CONCRETE? Concrete ,is a composite material, which is produced from a mixture of cement, aggregates (coarse & fine), water and sometimes admixtures in required proportions. These mixture consolidates in course of time to form a dense mass called concrete. ,,INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE ,,a) CEMENT ,,b) COARSE AGGREGATE ,,c) FINE AGGREGATE ,,d) WATER ,,e) ADMIXTURE ,,f ) AIR ,WHY QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE IS IMPORTANT ? Concrete is designed for a particular strength and the total structural stability is dependent on a good quality concrete. and that is why quality control ..read more

Compaction factor test is conducted to find the workability and compaction factor of concrete. This method is not suitable for concrete with very low slumps as it cannot be compacted properly. COMPACTION FACTOR weight of partially compacted concrete / weight of fully compacted concrete ,COMPACTION FACTOR TESTING APPARATUS (AS PER IS 1199-1999 The test equipment consists of two hoppers and a cylinder fixed to a stand. The dimension and the distance between the three vessels are standardised. The top two vessels have hinged bottom and bottom vessel is fixed on a base. METHOD OF TESTING For non ..read more

CONCRETE Concrete has a lot of excellent properties, making them the most preferred structural members, but has its weakness too. CASE 1 ( PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE BEAM ON LOADS) Let us consider a Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) beam subjected to loads as shown in the Fig. When subjected to loads, the beam bends and cracks are developed in the tensile zone as shown in the figure. This shows that the concrete is very weak in tension and excellent in compression. ,CASE 2 (REINFORCEMENT CEMENT CONCRETE ON LOADS) In order to over come these cracks reinforcement steel are provided in the tensile zone whic ..read more

,READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC) ,Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Concrete is perfectly inert, and has exceptional durability without the need for special maintenance. ,Concrete is basically a mixture of Portland Cement, water and aggregates comprising sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional construction sites, each of these materials is procured separately and mixed in specified proportions at site to make concrete. Ready mix concrete refers to a concrete manufactured from a batching plant according to customer/clients requirements & approved Design Mix ..read more

Green walls are independent vertical structures or structures attached to the wall having a medium for plants built in irrigation systems. We are living in a polluted environment so it is very much advisable to keep indoor plants which purifies air and makes us free fresh and energetic. The green walls are the best option to make us feel close to nature. The concept of Green walls are getting popular nowadays. It was earlier confined to big commercial and residential establishments. Now getting into the residential atmosphere as an architectural concept detaching people from the clutches of u ..read more

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,,The major ingredients of brick work are ,,,a) Bricks,,,b) Cement,,,c) Sand,CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS a) Modular bricks ( 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm) The calculation of 500 bricks per number is based on modular bricks. b) Non modular bricks In the case of residential and commercial applications we normally use non modular bricks of size ( 230 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm),,,,QUANTITY OF BRICKS FOR 1 CUM Consider non modular brick of size = 230 mm x 115 mm x 70 mm. ,,Mortar thickness shall be considered as 10 mm normally. Considering the brick size plus 10 mm mortar on both side The centre line distance will ..read more

WHAT IS A METAL FALSE CEILING? A false ceiling that uses metals either in the form GALVANISED IRON OR ALUMINIUM is called metal false ceiling. Metal false ceilings are hard and durable and very easy to install. The ceilings are plank type (linear pattern) or grid type. These ceiling tiles can be removed and refixed easily after maintenance .These ceilings are economical and maintenance is very low.The self life of the metal ceilings are high compared with other false ceilings. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF METAL FALSE CEILINGS? The thickness of metal false ceiling ranges from 0.4 mm to 1 mm ..read more