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Software development is a critical part in the design of embedded systems. While there is a segregation of firmware and software design in embedded designs, let us consider software as a umbrella under which everything falls. Developing software is one aspect and developing a good software is another aspect. Software should be written in such a way so that it can evolve to meet the changing needs of customers. This is a critical attribute because software change is an inevitable requirement of a changing business environment. Software should not make wasteful use of system resources such ..read more

  Toroidal transformers are a type of transformer characterized by their doughnut-shaped (toroidal) core. They are commonly used in electronic circuits and power supplies due to their efficiency and compact size. The core is typically made of a high-permeability material, such as iron powder, ferrite, or laminated iron, which helps concentrate the magnetic field and reduce electromagnetic interference. The primary and secondary windings of a toroidal transformer are wound around the core, providing a shorter magnetic path compared to traditional transformers with an E-I core. This d ..read more

The STM32WB55 device part of the STM32WB series from STMicroelectronics is a dual-core microcontroller  and has two cores: 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 core for application processing  ARM Cortex-M0+ core for network and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) processing STM32WB55 supports two I2C interfaces: I2C of STM32WB55 supports: Master Mode Slave Mode Multi-Master capability 7-bit and 10-bit addressing mode System Management Bus (SMBus) and Power System Management Protocol (PMBus) compatible Programmable analog and digital noise filters Clock source to be used for I2C on STM32WB55 ..read more

  Operating systems like Windows, Linux, MacOS are General Purpose Operating systems. For applications like robotics, industrial automation, automotive which deal with real time scenarios and constraints use Real-time Operating system (RTOS). RTOS can be said as specialized operating system designed to be used for embedded systems devices. RTOS helps to ensure reliable operation of embedded systems. RTOS can be classified as: Soft RTOS Hard RTOS Firm RTOS Real time scenarios need that tasks are to be executed within defined time constraints and this is where RTOS plays a crucial role ..read more

  An RF choke, also known as a choke coil, is nothing but an inductor. Toroid (ferrite) are commonly used as cores for chokes. RF Choke is used to block high-frequency alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit while allowing DC or low-frequency signals to pass. It essentially acts as a high impedance to AC signals, preventing them from passing through while allowing DC to pass with little resistance. RF chokes have impedance ranging over a set of high frequencies so that signals in that frequencies are eliminated. RF chokes are commonly used in electronic circuits to prevent radi ..read more

Documentation is critical to the success of any kind of project in any domain. Documentation helps project team to stay updated on various phases of the project and also helps company provide clear data to the customers.As like Firmware and Software, Hardware requires a thorough documentation. For a hardware project, you'll want to have thorough documentation to ensure that others can understand your project and possibly replicate it. Let us list some of the documentation required for the hardware design: Requirements document from Marketing (can be said high level scope document for the pr ..read more

CH32V003 is a low cost RISC-V based MCU available in the market. Many vendors now sell eval boards and programmers all around the world and we can buy the CH32V003 Eval board and programmer from the below link: India: https://evelta.com/ch32v003-evaluation-kit/ Outside India: https://www.tindie.com/products/adz1122/ch32v003-risc-v-mcu-development-board/ https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004988121617.html ..read more

  RISC-V is an open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) based on reduced instruction set computing (RISC) principles. It's gaining popularity in the microcontroller (MCU) and embedded systems world due to its open nature, which allows for customization and avoids vendor lock-in. There are several RISC-V based MCUs available in the market, such as the CH32V003DS0, SiFive E31 and E51 cores, which are commonly used in development boards and IoT devices. These MCUs offer a good balance between performance, power consumption, and flexibility, making them suitable for a wide range of a ..read more

Buck Regulator is commonly used in embedded designs. Especially, in a distributed power system, while down conversion, buck conversion is a power efficient converter used. In this video, we talked about the principle of operation of buck regulator and we will look at how to simulate the buck regulator in LTspice. Access the video from the below link: https://youtu.be/KmX2ePcr3KY?si=dpZdqEbYWSCFfO97 ..read more