It is considered a minimally invasive procedure because only a small incision is necessary. Experience less surgical trauma, and a quicker recovery period. The discs are cushions made of cartilage and other spongy tissue that run between the individual bones of the spine. Through aging, normal wear-and-tear, or injury, discs within the lower back may bulge or herniate (rupture), and put pressure on adjacent nerves, resulting in pain, numbness, or weakness in the lower back, legs, or buttocks.  Candidates for a Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy Discectomy is often used to treat patients who hav ..read more

Writer’s clamp or musician spasm are focal task-specific acquired forms of restricted dystonia Who is most commonly affected? Writers clamp affect Men and women equally. The age group most commonly affected is between the ages of 20 and 50 years.  Seen in professionals such as telegraphers, doctors, musicians playing piano or fingering the violin, etc. What are symptoms one may experience? In the most common form, writer’s cramp, the patient observes, upon attempting to write, that all the muscles of the thumb and fingers either go into spasm. One may experience feelings of stiffness and ..read more

The essential tremor is the commonest type of tremor. Tremor is an involuntary and rhythmic shaking movement of a part of the body. It is produced by alternating synchronous contractions of reciprocally innervated muscles.  Highlights: It is of lower frequency (4 to 8 Hz) than physiologic tremor.  It is characterised by the absence of any associated pathological condition. Essential tremor is worsened by emotion, exercise, and fatigue. The tremor always begins in the arms and is symmetrical. The tremor may be limited to the upper limbs or a side-to-side movement of the head; ma ..read more

Approximately 50 percent of females suffering from migraines note that their attacks occur around menses. These patients may also have episodes of migraine headache in between menstrual period. But around 10 percent of women have migraines exclusively associated with the menstrual period. Why migraine occurs during menstrual period? Most of the research suggests a drop in estrogen level associated with menstruation is responsible for migraine. But the actual mechanism is not well known and may be more complex than just the hormonal role. Treatment:  Migraine or simple headache  durin ..read more

There are some studies and reviews highlighting that the most common neurological symptom is a headache. It is often accompanied by a high fever. Not to surprise headache can occasionally be seen alone as the first sign of the underlying disease. COVID-19 is a disease caused by novel coronavirus. This is a common type of virus that affects both animals and humans. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.  Older people and those with comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, diabetes ..read more

Basilar migraine is an uncommon type of migraine It is associated with mainly brainstem-related symptoms. It is seen in young women or kids with a family history of migraines. It affects both males or women almost equally. Symptoms: Initial presentation is visual disturbances involving both eyes visual fields. It may be associated with dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, double vision (diplopia) , gait disturbances (ataxia) , decreased level of consciousness, bilateral paresthesia, with no motor or retinal symptoms, and completely reversible symptoms The above symptoms last 10 t ..read more

Migraine is a highly prevalent and largely familial disorder. It is characterized by periodic, commonly unilateral, often pulsatile, or throbbing headaches that begin in childhood, adolescence, or early adult life. It recurs with diminishing frequency during advancing years. The unilateral and the throbbing (pulsating) aspects of migraine are its most characteristic features, which help to distinguish it from other headache types. Sensitivity to light, noise, and often smells noticed Worsening of headache with movement of the head is common. Few patients may experience vague premonitory ..read more

What is cluster headache? Cluster headache is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia characterized by extremely painful, strictly unilateral, short-lasting headache attacks accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms or the sense of restlessness and agitation, or both. Cluster headache pattern is more common in males (5:1 Male to female) and occurs predominantly in middle-age men (20 to 50 years); male-to-female ratio approximately 5:1) and is characterized by a consistent unilateral orbital localization. Features: The pain is felt deep in and around the eye. It is very intense and non-throbbi ..read more

What is cluster headache? Cluster headache is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia characterized by extremely painful, strictly unilateral, short-lasting headache attacks accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms or the sense of restlessness and agitation, or both. Cluster headache pattern is more common in males (5:1 Male to female) and occurs predominantly in middle-age men (20 to 50 years); male-to-female ratio approximately 5:1) and is characterized by a consistent unilateral orbital localization. Features: The pain is felt deep in and around the eye. It is very intense and non-throbbin ..read more

Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent form of primary headache in the general population but paradoxically it is the least studied of headaches. Incidence: The lifelong prevalence of headache is 96%, with a female are predominantly affected. The global active prevalence of tension-type headache is approximately 40% and migraine 10%. Studies from the western world have shown that absenteeism resulting from Tension-type headaches is considerable and can be as high as three times more than that seen in migraines. Indirect cost of managing tension type headache is more than migrai ..read more