Zinc: An Introduction Zinc is a micronutrient incorporated in integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness program of Nepal for management of diarrheal diseases. Micronutrients are those substances which are required in small amount for proper growth, development and functioning of our body. Zinc supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood and adolescence. It helps in keeping up metabolism, cellular growth and immune function. Reasons of Zinc Deficiency Inadequate Dietary Intake When we don’t include diverse types of food in appropriate amount in our daily m ..read more

Recent Annual Reports Annual Report 2074/75 Annual Report 2073/74  Annual Report 2072/73  Annual Report 2071/72  National Health Policies Health Policy 2074: First draft Health Policy 2071  Health Policy 2048 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey NDHS 2022 NDHS 2016:Key NDHS 2011 NDHS 2006 NDHS 2001 Nepal National Health Accounts National health accounts 2017/2018 National health accounts 2016/2017 National health accounts 2012-2016 Service Provision Assessment Reports from Nepal Nepal Health Facility Survey 2021 Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015 Health Related Rights an ..read more

1. Who is considered father of modern Epidemiology? John Snow Edward Jenner William Harvey Bernardino Ramazzini Show me the answers! Question 1: The correct answer is the Answer 1. $(document).ready(function() { $("#results").click(function() { if (!$("input[@name=q1]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q2]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q3]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q4]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q5]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q6]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q7]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q8]:checked").val() || !$("input[@name=q9]:checked").val ..read more

Public health and measures of association Establishing association between factors and outcome is one of the most important responsibilities of the epidemiologists and health professionals. We established the association of obesity and cardio-vascular diseases, smoking and lung cancer, alcohol and cirrhosis or liver diseases, junk foods and the obesity, vitamin c and scurvy etc. These are just the handful of examples and many relationships are yet to discover. Here are some of the quantitative measures for establishing association. Relative risk/Risk ratio Odds ratio Risk difference Attributa ..read more

The root of Public health John snow’s study about the Cholera and his investigation proving the connection between the occurrence of cholera and consumption of water from selected sources helped to establish public health and epidemiology domain as useful as any medical science and helped to establish principles and scope of Public Health. Just in the same way, the eradication of small pox in 1980 due to smallpox vaccination exemplifies how the diseases can be prevented, eradicated and health of the people can be protected. Among all the stories behind the public health, the story behind the d ..read more

HPV vaccines Human Papilloma vaccine (HPV) is a unique vaccine as this is intended against the virus amidst many available vaccines that are produced against bacteria. HPV, in abbreviated form, is given to develop immunity against the Human Papilloma virus. Available HPV vaccines are recombinant vaccines, which include genetically engineered HPV like virus particles. Two doses of HPV vaccines at 6 months’ interval is recommended for girls of age 9 to 13 years by WHO. The age of the girls is specified to make sure that the girls get this vaccine before they contract HPV viruses by any means or ..read more

Healthy Year 2074: A New Start in Nepal's Health System This is a promising start from health minister Mr. Gagan Thapa in Nepalese Public health sector. It triggered many of us; It impressed many forerunners in health profession. Indeed, we need something, be it some goals, deadlines or slogans to keep us moving. Let’s remember, we are so much driven by millennium development goals and sustainable development goals to meet their targets. So, this new campaign of “My Year 2074: I am Healthy, My country is healthy” (this is my unofficial translation of the slogan) will surely motivate us to rema ..read more

Type of vaccines Currently available vaccines protect us from diseases caused by selective pathogens: bacteria and virus. Vaccines are usually categorized based on the constituents of the vaccines. 1. Inactivated/ killed vaccine: Those vaccines containing killed pathogens or particles are killed/Inactivated vaccines. Even though they are killed, they can trigger immune reactions, hence protects from the targeted diseases in the future. e.g. IPV 2. Live Vaccines: Vaccines consisting of live strain of pathogens are live vaccines, however, they are attenuated or weakened to reduce their virulenc ..read more

1. Childhood Diseases Childhood diseases including diarrheal and acute respiratory diseases: The seasonal diarrheal diseases and respiratory diseases affect substantial number of children in Nepal leading to deaths and developmental delays. The malnourished and undernourished children are equally prevalent and Hence childhood diseases are still the number one priority in public health in Nepal. Neonatal mortality rate (21 per 1000), infant mortality rate (32 per 1000) and under 5 mortality rate (39 per 1000), are still high enough making it number one public health problem in Nepal ..read more

Quality of life is one of the important indicators to measure overall population health or health status of the people living in any location. As the end expected outcome of any medical intervention, nursing intervention or any public health program is to improve the quality of life, health professionals at least once think about measuring Quality of life among their population of interest in their professional life. What is quality of life? Quality of life is a multidimensional concept and it involves subjective evaluations of various aspects of life. Human life has complicated structure ph ..read more