Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref Chiefdoms are powers that are often believed to mobilize due to surplus labor, food, and prestige items. However, I see it as a cultural package that started with hunter-gather/fisher-foragers in west Siberia with the switch from a Matrilineal society to a patrilineal society from 8,000 to 7,000 years ago and from there spread this new war and powerful male thinking, but some Matrilineal societies changed to the war and power modal as well but kept being female-centered. I often talk as if they were completely wiped out by male clans, but not all were, and so ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref “From the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea“ ‘From the river to the sea’: related to the Bible Genesis 17:7-8 “I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. The whole land of Canaan, where you now reside as a foreigner, I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God.” Psalm 72:8 “He (king’s rule) shall have d ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Endogamy “Endogamy is the cultural practice of mating within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group. Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, a ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Yana (river) “The Yana is a river in Sakha in Russia, located between the Lena to the west and the Indigirka to the east. The Yana freezes up on the surface in October and stays under the ice until late May or early June. In the Verkhoyansk area, it stays frozen to the bottom for 70 to 110 days, and partly frozen for 220 days of the year. The river begins at the confluence of the rivers Sartang and Dulgalakh in the Yana-Oymyakon Highlands. It flo ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref,  ref, ref, ref Kofun “Kofun (古墳, from Sino-Japanese “ancient grave”) are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century CE. The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)).” ref “The  ..read more

ref “MA-1 genetic affinities of Mal’ta–Buret’ culture.” ref  Mal’ta–Buret’ culture of Siberia near Lake Baikal “The Mal’ta–Buret’ culture is an archaeological culture of c. 24,000 to 15,000 years ago in the Upper Paleolithic on the upper Angara River in the area west of Lake Baikal in the Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russian Federation. The type sites are named for the villages of Mal’ta, Usolsky District, and Buret’, Bokhansky District (both in Irkutsk Oblast ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref “Shaman Wearing a Jaguar Pelt”  Photo credits for the second Pic come from an Ecuadorian book about Valdivia. shape-shift·​er: one that seems able to change form or identity at will. especially: a mythical figure that can assume different forms (as of animals) ref Shapeshifting I made this article on shape-shifting beliefs, and how I see them likely emerging out totemism as well as shamanism, and then often adopted when deity beliefs emerged into paganism beliefs. “In mythology, folklore ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref People reached Lake Baikal Siberia around 25,000 years ago. They (to Damien) were likely Animistic Shamanists who were also heavily totemistic as well. Being animistic thinkers they likely viewed amazing things in nature as a part of or related to something supernatural/spiritual (not just natural as explained by science): spirit-filled, a sprit-being relates to or with it, it is a sprit-being, it is a supernatural/spiritual creature, or it is a great spirit/tutelary deity/goddess-god. From ther ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Lake Baikal “Lake Baikal is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Republic of Buryatia to the southeast. At 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)—slightly larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world’s seventh-largest lake by surface area, as well as the second largest lake in Eurasia after the Caspian Sea. However, because it is al ..read more

Damien Marie AtHope’s Art ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref, ref Damien Marie AtHope’s Art People don’t commonly teach religious history, even that of their own claimed religion. No, rather they teach a limited “pro their religion” history of their religion from a religious perspective favorable to the religion of choice.  Damien Marie AtHope’s Art Do you truly think “Religious Belief” is only a matter of some personal choice? Do you not see how coercive one’s world of choice is limited to the obvious hereditary belief, in most religious choices available to the ch ..read more