Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility in reproductive-age women. Hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries and chronic anovulation are its typical clinical features. However, the correlation between hyperandrogenism and ovarian follicle growth aberrations remains undisclosed. To advance our understanding of the molecular alterations in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) with excessive androgen, epigenetic changes and affected gene expression in human granulosa-lutein cells (hGCs) and immortalized human GCs (KGN) were evaluated ..read more

In breast carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common histopathological subtype, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor of IDC. They are often concomitant. The immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) in IDC/DCIS on whole-slide histopathological images (WSIs) can predict the prognosis of patients. However, the inter-observer variability among pathologists in reading WSIs is inevitable. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is crucial ..read more

Interleukin (IL)-17a is implicated in many neonatal inflammatory disorders; however, its role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is unclear. Using a mouse model, Goates et al (Am J Pathol, AJPA-D-23-00786) studied this role. Experimental mice had increased IL-17a protein levels and IL-17a+ cells in lung tissues compared to control mice. Treatment with IL-17a neutralizing antibody improved alveolarization, decreased inflammatory markers and apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation in experimental mice ..read more

Traditional anti-angiogenesis drugs are usually unsatisfactory in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to find new precise therapeutic targets and further develop more effective drugs for the treatment of HCC. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is different from classical endothelium-dependent angiogenesis and associated with poor prognosis in patients with malignant tumor. However, the mechanism underlying VM occurrence is complex and not fully defined. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 4, as a negative regulator of immune response, was recently found expressed in many ..read more

Retinopathy due neovascularization is one of the major causes of vision loss. To understand the mechanisms underlying retinal neovascularization, using oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, we performed 2D gel-MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis of normoxic and 24-h post OIR mice pups’ retinas. 2D gel analysis revealed that GRP78 is one of the several molecules induced by OIR in the retinal ECs. VEGFA also induced GRP78 expression independent of ER stress response in HRMVECs and depletion of its levels reduced VEGFA-induced EC angiogenic responses ..read more

Delayed diagnosis and treatment resistance make pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mortality rates high. Identifying molecular subtypes can improve treatment, but current methods are costly and time-consuming. In this study, deep learning models were utilized to identify histological features that classify PDAC molecular subtypes based on routine hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological slides. 97 histopathology slides associated with resectable PDAC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project were utilized to train a deep learning model and tested the performance on 44 needl ..read more

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is considered the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. However, the pathogenesis of pediatric MASH remains poorly understood due to the lack of animal models. In this study, we developed a mouse model of pediatric MASH and characterized the hepatic transcriptomic profile using spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology. C57BL/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) along with weekly injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) from 3 w ..read more

The dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is widely recognized for its crucial roles in various diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). Prior studies have highlighted the significant role of METTL3 in the pathogenesis of PH. Nevertheless, the potential and underlying mechanisms of METTL3 and its inhibitors as targets for PH treatment require further elucidation. In this study, we observed increased levels of METTL3 in various rodent models of PH. In vitro studies revealed that METTL3 silencing or treatment with STM2457, a specific METTL3 inhibitor, attenuated the ..read more

The vaginal epithelium plays pivotal roles in host defense against pathogen invasion, contributing to the maintenance of an acidic microenvironment within the vaginal lumen through the activity of acid-base transport proteins. However, the precise defense mechanisms employed by the vaginal epithelium following bacterial infection remain incompletely understood. This study demonstrated that the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentiated net proton efflux by up-regulating the expression of Na+-H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), without affecting other acid-base transport proteins in vaginal epithelial c ..read more

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