I have written a blog post that Menzie Chinn of the La Follette School of  Public Affairs has included in his well-known and respected blog, Econbrowser. The title is “Adjusting the Current Account,” and the link to it is here. Joe Joyce ..read more

Japan’s current account surplus may not be a surprise to those of us who remember Japan as a major exporter. But a closer examination shows that the current account surpluses recorded today are not due to the trade account but rather the net primary income balance. Japan used the trade surpluses of the 1970s and 1980s to build up its holdings of foreign assets and prepare for the day when it would need income from abroad to pay for its aging population. Last year, according to The Economist, the country earned a net $269 billion on its primary income balance, equal to 6% of its GDP. Mariana Co ..read more

Income generated by foreign direct investments (FDI) has grown since the 1990s, and now represents a substantial portion of many countries’ current accounts. Some of these flows are routed through Special Purpose Entities in financial centers that multinational firms use to minimize their tax liabilities. We use IMF and OECD data to evaluate the impact of this income on the income share of the top 1% of households in the multinationals’ home countries. We distinguish between FDI equity income and FDI interest income arising from intra-firm lending. We also consider separately the effects in ad ..read more

I have not posted anything for several months as I have been kept quite busy with professional and family tasks. I would like to return to posting, even on a less frequent basis. So, the next post will be about a new journal article of mine. I will be also writing about international investment income. These arise from FDI assets, portfolio equity and bonds, and “other” items, principally bank loans. I am preparing a monograph on the subject and will share some. of my findings ..read more

The earnings of a country’s multinational firms appear in its balance of payments in the primary income component of the current income balance. Primary income includes the net flow of income received for the provision of a factor of production, such as labor, financial or other assets, to and from nonresidents. Investment income is usually the largest component of these income flows, and income from FDI appears there with income from portfolio and other types of investments (such as banks) as well as income from the central bank’s reserves. The countries with the largest net flows of foreign ..read more

The integration of markets across borders has slowed down, and in some cases, reversed. These changes come in the wake of the global financial crisis, Donald Trump’s embrace of trade restrictions, Great Britain’s withdrawal from the European Union, the disruptions in global supply chains during the pandemic, and the invasion of Ukraine. President Biden has shown a willingness to use trade and financial restrictions in response to what he views as Chinese and Russian threats to U.S. strategic interests, and there are responses to the use of sanctions and other tools of disruption. The fallout f ..read more

Ten years ago Cambridge University Press published my book, The IMF and Global Financial crises: Phoenix Rising? I had written a series of journal papers on the IMF and used the format of a book to summarize what I had learned about the Fund. I also made some evaluations and projections about the IMF and its reputation; a decade later, how has the IMF done? The book reviewed the history of the IMF from its founding at Bretton Woods through the global financial crisis. One of the theses of the book was that the IMF had paid a high price for its handling of the Asian financial crisis. The Fund h ..read more

Every year we name a book the “Globalization Book of the Year” (aka the “Globie”). The prize is (alas!) strictly honorific and does not come with a monetary award. But announcing the award gives me a chance to draw attention to a recent book—or books—that are particularly insightful about globalization. Previous winners are listed at the bottom of the column (also see here and here). This year’s recipient is Money and Empire: Charles P. Kindleberger and the Dollar System by Perry Mehrling, Professor of International Political Economy at the Pardee School of Global Studies of Boston Univer ..read more

The restrictions by the Biden administration on the sale of semiconductor chips and the equipment to manufacture them represent a new stage in the division between China and the U.S. The belief that increased trade would lead to a convergence of Chinese and U.S. interests faded years ago. The history of globalization shows clearly that the chances of Chinese as well as Russian acceptance of a liberal order overseen by the U.S. were unlikely, and a struggle for control inevitable. The study of hegemonic power can be used to illustrate how discord can arise over the distribution of the global be ..read more

Behind the headlines forecasting a global economic recession there is another narrative about the end of globalization. This reflects political tensions over trade, the impact of the pandemic on global supply chains and the shutdown of economic ties with Russia. But dating the beginning and end of the most recent era of the integration of global markets poses challenges. All chronological assignments for the purpose of establishing historical eras are arbitrary. Did World War II begin in 1939 when Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland? Or in 1937 when Japan invaded China? When was the Fi ..read more