LLM in HEOR: An evaluation framework
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
3h ago
Health economics and outcomes research has already started to use AI tools such as large language models (LLM) across a diverse set of study types, including systematic literature reviews (SLR), health economic modelling (HEM) and real-world evidence (RWE). In SLRs, LLMs can assist with abstract and full-text screening, bias assessment, data extraction, and automating meta-analysis ..read more
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Why don’t more people take up public services for which they are eligible?
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
5d ago
One reason are the administrative obstacles and frictions that eligible individuals have to overcome to receive the public services. A paper by Herd and Moynihan (2025) in the Journal of Economic Perspectives provides an overview of the literature. Such burdens are the experience of policy implementation as onerous, and arise via learning costs (knowing about ..read more
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Comparing Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment Reviews of Medicines in the United States and Europe
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
6d ago
That is the subtitle of a paper by Vreman et al. (2020). The authors look at all treatments approved by FDA and EMA that were subsequently reviewed by HTA bodies in both jurisdictions between 1995 and 2018. The authors used ICER as the US HTA body; European HTA bodies included IQWiG (Germany), NICE (UK), ZIN ..read more
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Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
Professional fees in PE–owned gastroenterology practices. The Anthropic Economic Index (full paper). Physician tenure and clinical productivity. ‘Ineffective’ generic drugs fuel rare public anger in China Support cancer survivors (Randy Moss edition ..read more
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Public vs. Private Sector R&D Investments
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
In 2011, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded discoveries contributed $69 billion to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) and supported seven million jobs. In 2020 alone, the US biomedical and pharmaceutical private sector generated more than $1.4 trillion in economic output. From Reece et al. (Health Affairs 2025) In addition to economic output, private-sector R&D ..read more
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How long until widespread AI use comes to health systems?
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
The answer to this question depends, not only on how well AI tools work, but also on how AI technologies are regulated by the FDA. Scott Gottlieb has some thoughts on preferred regulatory approaches in his recent article in JAMA Health Forum. Artificial intelligence tools with advanced analytical capabilities used in clinical practice, especially tools ..read more
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Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
Paths forward for accountable care. Value of continuity in primary care. CDC morale falling. What happened to big work comp PPOs? Homage to Khris Middleton: “They f—g did it ..read more
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A Primer on Health Equity Research
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
According to the World Health Organization, “Three distinguishing features, when combined, turn mere variations or differences in health into a social inequity in health. They are systematic, socially produced (and therefore modifiable) and unfair. That is how an ISPOR Special Interest Group Report by Griffiths et al. (2025) begins. The health equity primer provides and ..read more
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What will be DOGE’s impact on CMS?
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
1w ago
In a statement today, CMS confirmed that Elon Musk and the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) has been given access to CMS payment systems: CMS has two senior Agency veterans – one focused on policy and one focused on operations – who are leading the collaboration with DOGE, including ensuring appropriate access to CMS systems ..read more
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The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Healthcare Economist
by Jason Shafrin
2w ago
That is the title of a paper from Costa-Font and Vilaplana-Prieto (2025). They find the the value is very large indeed. Relative to a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the value of IC [informal care] ranges between 4.2% in France and 0.85% in Germany. Such relative value declines as the country’s share of formal LTC ..read more
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