Glycation refers to an abnormal, unwanted attachment of sugar molecules to different tissues and structures, leading to potential damage and inflammation, whereas glycosylation is a normal, desirable process that is essential for healthy cellular and physiological function. The post Introduction to Glycation appeared first on DrBeen ..read more

Figure 1: Understanding the inflammatory pathways. As you know we are going through the topics related to inflammation. While preparing presentations for you I come across cellular states and fates. For example a senescent cell, a necrotic cell, an apoptotic cell, a pyroptotic cell, etc. It seems important for us to understand these terms, before we continue further with inflammation. Let’s review. Context and limitations of this writing: this article is geared towards states and fates of cells that are related to inflammation. An exhaustive list of all the states including embryonic states ..read more

Inflammation is a vital part of the body’s defense mechanism, responding to injury or infection by activating various pathways that help protect and repair tissues. However, chronic inflammation can lead to various health issues. In this article, we’ll explore the key inflammatory pathways and how certain supplements can modulate these pathways to reduce inflammation and promote overall health. Key Inflammatory Pathways Arachidonic Acid Pathway The **Arachidonic Acid Pathway** involves the release of arachidonic acid from cell membranes, which is then converted into pro-inflammatory molecules ..read more

Today we will discuss hypervitaminosis A (vitamin A toxicity) from taking omega 3 supplements. Mobeen Syed MD, MSc (Comp Sci,) MSc (Comp Sci), BSc (English), Dip Entrepreneurship, Member Board of Advisors Annals of KEMU, Visiting Faculty KEMU. Signs and symptoms of vitamin A toxicity [9] According to the NIH the symptoms of vitamin A toxicity include blurred vision, headaches, dry skin, hair loss, fatigue, and bone pain. Typical physical examination findings may include dryness of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes, scaly skin, alopecia, papilledema, bone tenderness, and hepatomegaly. Discus ..read more

Continuing with our series of talks on omega-3. Today we will discuss the side effects and sources for individuals that have food restrictions. You may remember that the adequate daily intake for various age groups and genders ranges from 0.5 g – 1.6 g daily ALA intake. Most of the studies that target cardiovascular system improvements, cancers, brain health, etc. use 1g or greater than 1g of DHA and EPA for a daily dose. ALA in our body converts to DHA and EPA by only 1-5%. Hence, in my opinion the daily adequate intake of ALA 1.6 g for adults is not sufficient. It means about 16 mg of DHA a ..read more

This week has been important. We have started a thorough discussion of inflammation, chronic inflammation, health, and supplements. The reason is that I see a lot of writers, companies, and presenters on YouTube present biased and inaccurate information. This leads to not only confusion, but also financial stress to purchase all these products. So, you and I are going to fix the narrative with your support and help. Notes: We discussed Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio. Some important points to consider: 1. Omega-6 and Omega-3 are added to our cell membrane throughout our lives. 2. Omega-6 is proinfla ..read more

I have started a special series to discuss chronic inflammation and how to tame it during our Wednesday zoom sessions. As you know we are all developing chronic inflammation. Hence, the need for this series. This week we started the discussion with the macrophages as the possible culprits for chronic inflammation. I presented the solutions first and then a part of the pathology. Writing here the solutions (references below the solutions.) My attempt is to discuss lifestyle and non-prescription solutions. Hypertension Isometric exercises (planks, wall squats.) Low sodium diet Health ..read more

Bordetella pertussis is a clinically important member of the Bordetella genus and is known for causing whooping cough. Some other members of this genus include Bordetella hinzii, Bordetella holmesii, and Bordetella trematum [1]. Staining and microbiologic features:  Aerobic coccobacilli that are gram-negative and non-motile [1]  It does not rely on the presence of factor V or factor X for its growth and virulence. [2]  Tests positive for oxidase and catalase and tests negative for nitrate, citrate, and urea [1]  It has a capsule [1]  Can be cultured on enriched media ..read more

  Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative bacillus that is known for causing gastroenteritis. [1] Staining and microbiologic features:      Test positive for urease and negative for catalase [2] Motile and unable to ferment lactose [1,2]  Safety pin-like/ bipolar appearance on staining [3]  Culture on MacConkey agar yields non-lactose fermenting colonies [4]  It shows optimum growth at low temperatures, i.e., at 25°C [2] Its motility can be absent at high temperatures, i.e., at 37°C [2] Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar is a yersinia sele ..read more

Pasteurella derives its name from the French scientist Louis Pasteur (Pasteur→Pasteurella) and belongs to the Pasteurellaceae family. [1] Staining and microbiologic features:   It is a facultative anaerobic/ aerobic coccobacillus that is gram-negative and non-motile [2]     It is indole positive and exhibits a bipolar appearance on staining [2,3]  Pasteurella Multocida tests positive for catalase and oxidase. [2] Blood and chocolate agars can be used to culture Pasteurella multocida. [3] It exhibits poor growth on MacConkey agar. [3] Production of polysaccha ..read more