Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1306: From Recharge to Cave to Spring: Transmission of a Flood Pulse through a Complex Karst Conduit Network, Castleton, Derbyshire (UK) Water doi: 10.3390/w16091306 Authors: John Gunn Chris Bradley Storm Babet (18–21 October 2023) brought heavy and persistent rain (80–100 mm) to the English Peak District, causing widespread surface and underground flooding. The village of Castleton experienced groundwater flooding from springs that drain a complex mixed allogenic–autogenic karst catchment. Transmission of the flood pulse was moni ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1308: Numerical Analysis of the Stress Shadow Effects in Multistage Hydrofracturing Considering Natural Fracture and Leak-Off Effect Water doi: 10.3390/w16091308 Authors: Jinxin Song Qing Qiao Chao Chen Jiangtao Zheng Yongliang Wang As a critical technological approach, multistage fracturing is frequently used to boost gas recovery in compact hydrocarbon reservoirs. Determining an ideal cluster distance that effectively integrates pre-existing natural fractures in the deposit creates a fracture network conducive to gas movement. Fracturing fluid leak-off also impacts wate ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1307: Effects of Different Reclamation Years and Modes on Soil Moisture Transport Pathways and Permeability Characteristics in an Open-Pit Mining Area in Guangxi Water doi: 10.3390/w16091307 Authors: Song Wang Lei Gan Yu Zhang Zhibo Gao Zhenhong Luo Haojie Zhou Hang Zhang Hongxia Zhang Taiqing Huang The microstructural characteristics of reclaimed soil in Guangxi’s bauxite mining area play a pivotal role in determining soil reclamation quality, yet they remain poorly understood. To explore the impact of varying reclamation years and modes on pore structure c ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1305: Applicability of Single-Borehole Dilution Tests in Aquifers with Vertical Flow Water doi: 10.3390/w16091305 Authors: Maria L. Calvache Manuel López-Chicano Angela M. Blanco-Coronas Beatriz de la Torre Carlos Duque A set of experimental field single-borehole dilution tests were completed in the Motril–Salobreña detrital aquifer (Spain) in a sector with coarse material in four different moments under variable hydrological conditions. The comparative study of the tracer washing, and the temperature profile patterns for the tests carried out ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1304: Catchment-Scale Hydrologic Effectiveness of Residential Rain Gardens: A Case Study in Columbia, Maryland, USA Water doi: 10.3390/w16091304 Authors: Benjamin J. Daniels Jon Alan Yeakley To mitigate the adverse impacts of urban stormwater on streams, watershed managers are increasingly using low-impact development and green infrastructure (LID-GI) stormwater control measures, such as rain gardens—vegetated depressional areas that collect and infiltrate runoff from rooftops and driveways. Their catchment-scale performance, however, can vary widely, and fe ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1296: Numerical Study on the Formation Mechanism of Plume Bulge in the Pearl River Estuary under the Influence of River Discharge Water doi: 10.3390/w16091296 Authors: Chenyu Zhao Nan Wang Yang Ding Dehai Song Junmin Li Mengqi Li Lingling Zhou Hang Yu Yanyu Chen Xianwen Bao Previous studies have investigated the characteristics and influencing factors of plume bulge in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) using observations and numerical simulations. However, the understanding of how river discharge affects plume bulge is not consistent, and the response mechanism of plume bulge ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1298: Films Floating on Water Surface: Coupled Redox Cycling of Iron Species (Fe(III)/Fe(II)) at Soil/Water and Water/Air Interfaces Water doi: 10.3390/w16091298 Authors: Hong Zhang Zac Rush Zoe Penn Kami Dunn Sydney Asmus Carolyn Cooke Zach Cord Shawna Coulter Chance Morris Naturally occurring Fe(III) films with rainbow reflection iridescence have been observed floating on the water surface of various spots covered with shallow water (e.g., edges of wetlands and creeks, standing water over soils). This natural phenomenon has become a scenic attraction and stimulated much ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1297: Comprehensive Profiling of Klebsiella in Surface Waters from Northern Portugal: Understanding Patterns in Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Formation Water doi: 10.3390/w16091297 Authors: Sara Araújo Vanessa Silva Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius José Eduardo Pereira Ângela Martins Gilberto Igrejas Patricia Poeta This study investigates the prevalence of resistance and virulence genes in Klebsiella isolates from surface waters in Northern Portugal, within the broader context of freshwater quality challenges in Southern Europe. The aim of this research i ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1302: A Combination of UV and Disinfectant for Inactivating Viable but Nonculturable State Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanisms Water doi: 10.3390/w16091302 Authors: Jinfeng Zhao Huichao Zhu Chen Tao Zhiquan Wang Ning Deng Xin Huang Conventional disinfection techniques, relying on a single disinfection step, often fail to directly eliminate microorganisms, instead causing them to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. However, microorganisms in the VBNC state retain metabolic activity and can reactivate under suitable conditions, representing a &a ..read more

Water, Vol. 16, Pages 1303: Developing a Bankruptcy Theory to Resolve Stakeholders’ Conflict over Optimal Water Allocation: The Case of Hirmand Catchment Water doi: 10.3390/w16091303 Authors: Ali Sardar Shahraki Vijay P. Singh Ommolbanin Bazrafshan The growing increase in demand for water and the lack of balance between water supply and demand have led to conflicts among the downstream stakeholders of the international Hirmand River. This river is shared between Iran and Afghanistan and is located in the southeast of Iran, in the Sistan region. The Vardkhaneh is divided into two bran ..read more