In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of parathyroid adenoma! Key teaching points include: Benign tumor of the parathyroid glands Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism: Elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels Ultrasound: Solid, homogeneous and very hypoechoic. Oval or bean-shaped, long axis oriented craniocaudal. Hypervascular. Majority posterior and inferior to thyroid. Hyperechoic line often separates adenoma from adjacent thyroid. Atypical features: Cystic degeneration, calcification. Tc-99m sestamibi: Radiotracer uptake persisting on ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of parotitis in the pediatric population! Key teaching points include: Parotitis = Inflammation of the parotid glands Acute parotitis is usually infectious, most commonly viral Mumps is most common viral cause in children, often bilateral Bacterial parotitis can cause suppurative parotitis seen in premature infants and immunosuppressed children Acute parotitis on US: Enlarged, heterogeneous, hyperemic gland(s) +/- lymphadenopathy Since can be bilateral, comparison scanning essential Bacterial parotitis may be complicated by absces ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of carpal tunnel syndrome! Key teaching points include: Most common upper extremity entrapment neuropathy. Results from median nerve compression With carpal tunnel syndrome, see hypoechoic enlargement of the median nerve as enters carpal tunnel with flattening of nerve = Notch sign, also volar bowing of flexor retinaculum Median nerve area: Less than 8 mm2 = Normal; 8-12 mm2 = Borderline; greater than 12 mm2 = Abnormal Most accurate to compare nerve area at proximal pronator quadratus muscle and carpal tunnel: Increase of 2 mm2 or ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of ganglion cysts while highlighting relevant wrist ultrasound anatomy! Key teaching points include: Ganglion cysts are viscous, mucin-filled collections lacking a synovial lining Most commonly occur at hand/wrist = Most common wrist mass Location: Dorsum of wrist (60%), frequently adjacent to scapholunate ligament; volar wrist (20%), often between radial artery and flexor carpi radialis tendon; flexor tendon sheath (10%); associated with DIP joint (10%) Grows out of tissues surrounding joint like a balloon on a stalk. May see a p ..read more

Radiologist Headquarters has a new name: Radquarters! Same high-yield content, but now with a streamlined name that’s easier to remember. Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week! Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Radquarters Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/ The post Radquarters appeared first on Radquarters ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of acute epididymitis and orchitis! Key teaching points include: Epididymitis = Inflammation of epididymis. Usually bacterial, most commonly due to retrograde ascent from bladder or prostate. Causative infectious agent varies based on age: Adults younger than 35: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (STDs). Adults older than 35: E. coli & other coliform bacteria. Non-infectious causes of epididymitis: Trauma, repetitive activities such as sports (most common causes in males prior to sexual maturity), torsed appendix te ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of acute cholecystitis, including gangrenous and emphysematous cholecystitis! Key teaching points include: Acute cholecystitis = Acute gallbladder inflammation. Most often (95%) caused by an impacted, obstructing gallstone in the cystic duct or gallbladder neck = Acute calculous cholecystitis. Clinically presents as persistent RUQ pain that may radiate to right shoulder, often with N/V and fever. Ultrasound findings of uncomplicated acute cholecystitis: Gallstones, sonographic Murphy sign, gallbladder wall thickening (greater than ..read more

In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of ileocolic and small bowel-small bowel intussusception in children! Key teaching points include: Intussusception occurs when bowel is pulled into itself or into neighboring bowel. Intussusceptum is the prolapsing bowel pulled into intussuscipiens which receives the bowel. Two major types: Ileocolic and small bowel-small bowel. If ileocolic not reduced = Bowel ischemia and perforation. Most occur in children beyond 3 months of age. Usually no lead point in children (unlike adults), suspected that due to hypertrophic lymphoid tiss ..read more

In this video lecture, we review the appearance of the liver on multiphase CT & MRI. A basic approach to image interpretation is presented with pitfalls to avoid. Key points include: The three major liver postcontrast phases include the late hepatic arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed/equilibrium phases. The hepatic artery enhances first, followed by the portal veins, then the hepatic veins along with the hepatic parenchyma. An ideal late hepatic arterial phase sequence will have both hepatic artery and portal vein enhancement with no hepatic vein enhancement. The late hepati ..read more

Join us in this interactive lecture as we present a total of 5 unknown cases followed by a diagnosis reveal and key teaching points after each case, all in about 5 minutes! The post 5 Cases in 5 Minutes: Ultrasound #1 appeared first on Radiologist Headquarters ..read more