Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 590-635: Selected Topics of Social Physics: Equilibrium Systems Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020041 Authors: Vyacheslav I. Yukalov The paper gives an introduction to the physics approach to social systems providing the main definitions and notions used in the modeling of these systems. The behavior of social systems is illustrated by several quite simple, typical models. The present part considers equilibrium systems. Nonequilibrium systems will be presented in the second part of the review. The style of the paper combines the features of a tutorial and a survey, which ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 554-589: Fluctuations-Induced Quantum Radiation and Reaction from an Atom in a Squeezed Quantum Field Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020040 Authors: Matthew Bravo Jen-Tsung Hsiang Bei-Lok Hu In this third of a series on quantum radiation, we further explore the feasibility of using the memories (nonMarkovianity) kept in a quantum field to decipher certain information about the early universe. As a model study, we let a massless quantum field be subjected to a parametric process for a finite time interval such that the mode frequency of the field transits from one constant ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 547-553: Photons as a Signal of Deconfinement in Hadronic Matter under Extreme Conditions Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020039 Authors: Sergei Nedelko Aleksei Nikolskii The photon production by conversion of gluons gg→γ via quark loop in the framework of the mean-field approach to the QCD (quantunm chromodynamics) vacuum is studied here. According to the domain model of QCD vacuum, the confinement phase is dominated by Abelian (anti-)self-dual gluon fields, while the deconfinement phase is characterized by a strong chromomagnetic field. In the c ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 537-546: Fractal Entropy of Nuclear Medium Probed by KS0 Mesons Produced in AuAu Collisions at RHIC Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020038 Authors: Mikhail Tokarev Imrich Zborovský In this paper, we review our findings concerning fractal entropy of microscopic configurations corresponding to the production of KS0 mesons in AuAu collisions in the z-scaling approach. The entropy is expressed via structural and fragmentation fractal dimensions, and model parameter cAuAu is interpreted as a specific heat of produced medium. These parameters are related to the respective momentu ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 517-536: Polarization and Consensus in a Voter Model under Time-Fluctuating Influences Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020037 Authors: Mauro Mobilia We study the effect of time-fluctuating social influences on the formation of polarization and consensus in a three-party community consisting of two types of voters (“leftists” and “rightists”) holding extreme opinions, and moderate agents acting as “centrists”. The former are incompatible and do not interact, while centrists hold an intermedia ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 499-507: The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020035 Authors: Natalia Polukhina Nina Konovalova Tatiana Shchedrina SND@LHC (Scattering Neutrino Detector at the Large Hadron Collider) is a compact and stand-alone experiment to perform measurements with neutrinos produced in the LHC in a hitherto unexplored pseudorapidity region of 7.2 < η < 8.6. The experiment is located in the Tl18 (Target line 18) LHC tunnel, 480 m downstream of the ATLAS detector interaction point. The S ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 492-498: Using the Two-Phase Emission Detector RED-100 at NPP to Study Coherent Elastic Neutrinos Scattering off Nuclei Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020034 Authors: RED-100 Collaboration The two-phase emission detector RED-100 with 130 kg of liquid xenon as a working medium has been exhibited at a distance of 19 m from the core of the VVER-1000/320 nuclear power reactor at the fourth power unit of the Kalinin Nuclear Plant Power in 2021–2022. Due to the high sensitivity of the detector for weak ionization signals (down to single electrons), the detector has ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 483-491: Machine Learning Approach for Event Position Reconstruction in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search Experiment Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020033 Authors: DEAP Collaboration In addition to classical analytical data processing methods, machine learning methods are widely used for data analysis in elementary particle physics. Most often, such techniques are used to identify a particular class of events (the classification problem) or to predict a certain event parameter (the regression problem). Here, we present the result of using a machine learning model to solve t ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 436-460: An Introduction to Noncommutative Physics Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020031 Authors: Shi-Dong Liang Matthew J. Lake Noncommutativity in physics has a long history, tracing back to classical mechanics. In recent years, many new developments in theoretical physics, and in practical applications rely on different techniques of noncommutative algebras. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and techniques of noncommutative physics in a range of areas, including classical physics, condensed matter systems, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics, and ..read more

Physics, Vol. 5, Pages 461-482: p-Mode Oscillations in Highly Gravitationally Stratified Magnetic Solar Atmospheres Physics doi: 10.3390/physics5020032 Authors: Michael Griffiths Norbert Gyenge Ruisheng Zheng Marianna Korsós Robertus Erdélyi The aim of the study reported in this paper is to gain understanding of solar global oscillations and the propagation characteristics of p-mode oscillations in the highly gravitationally stratified magnetic solar atmosphere. The paper presents the results of 3D (3-dimensional) numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a model solar atmosphere with ..read more