Background: Growing empirical evidence shows that the decision to migrate is influenced by parents’ international migration experiences, with the second generation being more likely to migrate than individuals with no migration background. However, the factors underpinning this intergenerational transmission of migration behaviour remain poorly understood. Objective: This study extends existing evidence in two main ways. First, it assesses the relative contribution of two transmission pathways: family migration history and lived childhood migration experiences. Second, it considers both the pr ..read more

Background: For commonly used mortality models, the existing estimates change with the recalibration of new data. This issue is also known as the lack of the new-data-invariant property. Objective: We adapt the Lee–Carter, age-period-cohort, Renshaw–Haberman, and Li–Lee models to achieve the new-data-invariant property. The resulting fitted or forecast mortality indexes are tractable and comparable when more recent data are modelled. Methods: Illustrated by mortality rates of the England and Wales populations, we explore the tradeoff between goodness of fit and the new-data-invariant property ..read more

Objective: The aim was to examine how parental cancer affects the mental health of offspring aged 6–30, and age variations in this effect. Methods: Individual fixed-effects models were estimated from register data covering the entire Norwegian population in 2010–2018. The outcome variable was whether the individual (offspring) had at least one consultation within a year with a general practitioner (GP) or specialist where a mental health diagnosis or symptom was reported. Results: The consultation probability was higher after a parental cancer diagnosis than before (e.g., 15% higher in the fir ..read more

Background: Greater levels of education are associated with lower risk of dementia, but less is known about how education is also associated with the compression of dementia incidence. Objective: We extend the literature on morbidity compression by evaluating whether increased levels of education are associated with greater dementia compression. We evaluate these patterns across race and gender groups. Methods: We use the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016), a nationally representative longitudinal study of older adults in the United States. To evaluate the onset and compression of dementi ..read more

Background: Most studies on health expectancies rely on self-reported health from surveys to measure the prevalence of disabilities or ill health in a population. At best, such studies only correct for sample selection based on a limited number of characteristics observed on the invitees. Objective: Using longitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), I investigate the extent to which adjustments for a health-related sample selection affect the age profiles for the prevalence of functional impairment (FI) and the associated disability-free life expectancy (DFLE). Methods: I estimate ..read more

Objective: We examine age heterogamy in the United States and its associations with other partnership characteristics following the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage in 2015. Methods: We use American Community Survey data for 2017–2021 to examine age gaps in over 3.3 million couples, differentiating by couple gender composition (man-man, man-woman, woman-woman) and marital status (cohabiting, married). We estimate the prevalence of age heterogamy and how it correlates with education, income, and race/ethnicity differences between partners. Results: The prevalence of age heterogamy a ..read more

Background: The US life expectancy has been stagnating in recent decades, and along with this, the time trends of life span variation have shown stagnation and even increases with respect to historical levels. Objective: We aim to disentangle contributions from subnational levels (US regions) to national changes in life expectancy and life span variation in 2010–2019 and 2019–2020. Methods: A decomposition of the change in the national life expectancy and life disparity into the contribution of changing mortality and population structure among subnational regions is presented. The US Census re ..read more

Background: To make the pension system robust to population ageing, Denmark will increase the statutory retirement age in tandem with national life expectancy. By universally increasing this age, this pension indexation policy might amplify known inequalities in mortality, such as those between people in different living arrangements. Objective: We aim to quantify inequalities in mortality before retirement age by living arrangement over time and to estimate whether an increase in the retirement age could disproportionately affect disadvantaged groups. Methods: We estimate the probability of d ..read more

Background: Although most countries show a general convergence in men’s and women’s investment in domestic labor, women continue doing more housework, especially among couples with children. However, cross-national descriptive estimates have focused exclusively on routine tasks, thus overlooking potential change in gender inequality in non-routine tasks, as well as the total housework investment, which varies significantly across countries. Objective: Our aims are twofold: (1) to provide the most recent estimates of housework investments from time-use diaries across all tasks, (2) to describe ..read more

Background: Denmark and Sweden index their statutory retirement ages to life expectancy. When lifespan increases, so does retirement age. This policy does not consider demographic heterogeneity in life expectancy, e.g., between migrants and non-migrants, posing possible issues for pension policies that index retirement age to life expectancy. Objective: To understand how mortality inequalities between migrants and non-migrants interact with the indexation of statutory retirement age in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: We used Danish and Swedish registry data from 1988–2018, and included individual ..read more