Developing research antibodies is an extensive process that takes advantage of an animal’s adaptive immune response to produce reagent probes that bind to molecules of interest. Antibody scientists harness this unique ability of the adaptive immune system to identify and manufacture antibody reagents for use in various immunoassays, which represent some of the most powerful technologies available for studying biological samples. However, identifying and developing an antibody reagent to a relevant target that binds with both specificity and sensitivity can take months—or even years—of resear ..read more

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Enabled by recent advances in sequencing, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence microscopy, spatial biology—the interrogation of genes and proteins in their original location within a tissue—is helping unravel the mysteries of cellular neighborhoods and their influence on the behavior of individual cells. This drastic increase in the volume and variety of data that can be acquired from a single tissue sample is revealing insights about how complex and constantly evolving relationships between cellular proximity, organization, and the timing of signaling events can affect disease progression and ..read more

Researchers at the Malawi University of Science and Technology (MUST) exist in a constant state of emergency preparedness, always ready to jump into action. The sub-Saharan country of Malawi, Africa, has experienced multiple cholera outbreaks in recent years, largely driven by an increase in the frequency of hurricanes, cyclones, and tropical storms. Despite the country’s land-locked status, it’s all hands on deck at MUST when a storm hits. Clean drinking water is a fragile resource in the developing country, and the increasing number of severe weather events brought on by climate change can ..read more

Ready-to-use ELISA kits can streamline your research and development workflows by removing the need for optimization. However, it is essential that the ELISA kits you choose exhibit high lot-to-lot reproducibility for your projects to stay on track. If the ELISA kit lot number changes halfway through a long-term experiment, you need to be confident that the new lot will perform comparably to the old lot, producing similar signal/blank ratios and generating percent coefficient of variation (%CV) values that show any inter-assay variability to fall within an acceptable range ..read more

Spheroids and related three-dimensional (3D) cell models are rapidly gaining popularity among researchers due to their ability to more accurately represent in vivo biological features, including tissue architecture, gene expression, and metabolic profiles, thereby surpassing many limitations of traditional 2D cell culture models. This is especially true in cancer research, where cancer spheroid models have been developed to mimic 3D tissue organization within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The densely packed, tumor-like structure of a spheroid and its ability to more accurately represent t ..read more

Since 2000, Cell Signaling Technology (CST) has offered a rigorously tested and well-cited polyclonal antibody product that recognizes nitro-tyrosine proteins for western blot applications (WB), Nitro-Tyrosine Antibody #9691. In light of the wider debate on the suitability of polyclonal antibodies for research1,2 to better understand cellular pathways specifically regulated by nitro-tyrosine, CST has developed two recombinant monoclonal antibody products against the same post-translational modification (PTM) for WB and proteomic applications:  ..read more

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of highly specialized cells, each of which play a key role in the processing of sensory and motor inputs. Neurons, one CNS cell type, specialize in the transmission and processing of electrical signals. In addition to neurons, the CNS is also composed of non-neuronal cell types that help protect neurons and ensure proper function, such as glia. In the human brain, glia are as prevalent as neurons. Most glial cells in the human brain are oligodendrocytes (45–75%) or astrocytes (19–40%). Less than 10% are microglia or ependymal cells. However, what t ..read more