Children, Vol. 11, Pages 556: Dysfunctional Breathing in Children: A Literature Review Children doi: 10.3390/children11050556 Authors: Georgia Karkouli Konstantinos Douros Dafni Moriki Paraskevi Moutsatsou Ioanna Giannopoulou Eirini Maratou Despoina Koumpagioti Dysfunctional breathing (DB) describes a respiratory condition that is mainly characterized by abnormal breathing patterns, affecting both children and adults, often leading to intermittent or chronic complaints and influencing physiological, psychological, and social aspects. Some symptoms include breathlessness; dizziness; palpitation ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 551: Investigation of Liver X Receptor Gene Variants and Oxysterol Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Children doi: 10.3390/children11050551 Authors: Tuğba Menteşe Babayiğit Güvem Gümüş-Akay Merve Çikili Uytun Özlem Doğan Muhittin A. Serdar Gökçe Yağmur Efendi Ayşe Gökçe Erman Esra Yürümez Didem Behice Öztop The NR1H2 gene produces the Liver X Receptor Beta (LXRB) protein, which is crucial for brain cholesterol metabolism and neuronal development. However, its involvement in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unexplored, aside from animal studies. Th ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 553: Epidemiology and Healthcare Utilization in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea (2016–2020) Children doi: 10.3390/children11050553 Authors: Hyewon Woo Junho Hwang Sun Ah Choi Soo Ahn Chae Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are rare acquired demyelinating syndrome with limited epidemiological data available, particularly in non-Western setting. This study aimed to demonstrate the epidemiology of pediatric MS and NMO in South Korea and to analyze of healthcar ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 554: Use of an Orthodontic and Otolaryngological Approach in an Infant with Holoprosencephaly Children doi: 10.3390/children11050554 Authors: Angela Galeotti Giovanni Carlo De Vincentiis Emanuela Sitzia Giuseppe Marzo Wanda Maldonato Gaia Bompiani Maria Beatrice Chiarini Testa Alessandra Putrino Andrea Bartuli Paola Festa Holoprosencephaly is a complex human brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon into both hemispheres. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is sometimes found in patients with mild forms of holoprosencep ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 555: Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Movement Assessment Battery Second Edition (M-ABC2): A Cross-Sectional Study Children doi: 10.3390/children11050555 Authors: Eleonora Scarfò Michela Ranucci Anna Berardi Rachele Simeon Giovanni Galeoto This cross-sectional study assessed the psychometric properties of the movement assessment battery for children second edition (M-ABC2) in Italian children with typical development, focusing on reliability and percentile rank establishment. The M-ABC2 is widely utilized but lacks validation in Italian populations. One ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 550: The Utilization of Early Outpatient Care for Infants Following NICU Discharge among a National Sample Children doi: 10.3390/children11050550 Authors: Janine P. Bernardo Lisa Yanek Pamela Donohue Outpatient care following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is critical for streamlined transfer of care. Yet, information is lacking about the characteristics of early outpatient care. The objective of this secondary data analysis is to describe outpatient encounters (OPEs) within the first three months following the discharge of commercially insured in ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 548: Vasoactive Management of Pulmonary Hypertension and Ventricular Dysfunction in Neonates Following Complicated Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Single-Center Experience Children doi: 10.3390/children11050548 Authors: Lukas Schroeder Leon Soltesz Judith Leyens Brigitte Strizek Christoph Berg Andreas Mueller Florian Kipfmueller Objectives: Twins resulting from a complicated monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancy are at risk for postnatal evolution of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and cardiac dysfunction (CD). Both pathologies are important contributors to short- and long-t ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 545: Pediatric ACL Reconstruction in Children—An Evaluation of the Transphyseal Technique’s Efficacy and Safety Children doi: 10.3390/children11050545 Authors: Alexandru Herdea Mihai-Codrut Dragomirescu Valentin Burcan Alexandru Ulici Introduction: Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are commonly found in the general population, both among adult and pediatric patients, and their incidence has been increasing in recent years. Most of the late literature agrees that surgical reconstruction of the ACL is effective in improving long-term ou ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 547: “A ‘Cool’ Kid Wears a Brand, and Everyone’s following Him” Hierarchal Social Status in Preadolescence: A New Developmental Perspective Children doi: 10.3390/children11050547 Authors: Hannah Fisher Grafy Inequality in hierarchical social status, especially among socially excluded children, profoundly affects preadolescents. Historically viewed through a lens of psychopathology and moral deficiencies, it challenges the education system’s approaches and interventions. This article introduces a developmen ..read more

Children, Vol. 11, Pages 549: Inflammatory Markers in Children and Adolescents with Functional Somatic Disorders: A Systematic Review Children doi: 10.3390/children11050549 Authors: Anne Sofie Hansen Charlotte Ulrikka Rask Karen Hansen Kallesøe Functional somatic disorders (FSDs) are common in children and adolescents. Recent findings suggest that low-grade inflammation has a role in the development and maintenance of pediatric FSDs. This systematic review included studies with original data on systemic inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with an FSD compared to individuals withou ..read more