Summary Existing evidence linking insomnia to all-cause mortality in older individuals remains inconclusive. We conducted a retrospective study of a large cohort of veterans aged 65–80 years old identified from the Corporate Data Warehouse, a large data repository derived from the Veterans Health Administration integrated medical records. Veterans' enrollees with and without International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes corresponding to insomnia diagnosis between 1 January 2010 and 30 March 2019 were assessed for eligibility. The primary outcome was all-cause mortal ..read more

Summary Personality traits have been associated with sleep problems and stress experience. However, their impact on objective sleep and the temporal relationship of stress on sleep has remained elusive. This study examined whether daytime stress predicts sleep the following night, and the moderating role of neuroticism and conscientiousness in this relationship. To introduce stress variability in natural daily stressors, we measured college students (N = 92) during exams (e.g. high academic stress) and at the start of new course period (e.g. low academic stress). Both objective (actigraphy) an ..read more

Summary The glymphatic system is centred around brain cerebrospinal fluid flow and is enhanced during sleep, and the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep acts on brain microstructure by selective synaptic downscaling. While so far primarily studied in animals, we here examine in humans if brain diffusivity and microstructure is related to time of day, sleep quality and cognitive performance. We use diffusion weighted images from 916 young healthy individuals, aged between 22 and 37 years, collected as part of the Human Connectome Project to assess diffusion tensor image analysis ..read more

Changes in sleep architecture on nocturnal polysomnography based on whole-night and quarter-night sleep metrics could distinguish narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) from clinical controls, narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Optimal discriminating performance was achieved with a combination of different features across quarter-night periods, with early rapid eye movement (REM) features ranked as highly important. Summary The differential diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1, a rare, chronic, central disorder of hypersomnolence, is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other hypers ..read more

Summary Postmenopausal women are at high risk of developing sleep–wake disturbances. We previously reported dampened circadian rhythms of melatonin, alertness and sleep in postmenopausal compared with young women. The present study aims to further explore electroencephalography power spectral changes in the sleep of postmenopausal women. Eight healthy postmenopausal women were compared with 12 healthy, naturally ovulating, young women in their mid-follicular phase. Participants followed a regular 8-hr sleep schedule for ≥ 2 weeks prior to laboratory entry. The laboratory visit included an 8-hr ..read more

Summary Sleep is fundamental to health. The aim of this study was to analyse and determine factors predicting sleep quality during and after national lockdowns due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) in the UK. A longitudinal online survey-based study (SleepQuest) involving UK adults was administered in Spring 2020, Winter 2020, and Winter 2022 including questionnaires probing sleep quality, depression, anxiety, beliefs about sleep, demographics, COVID-19 status, and exercise. The primary outcome was sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). A linear mixed-effec ..read more

Summary Rapid eye movement sleep is associated with distinct changes in various biomedical signals that can be easily captured during sleep, lending themselves to automated sleep staging using machine learning systems. Here, we provide a perspective on the critical characteristics of biomedical signals associated with rapid eye movement sleep and how they can be exploited for automated sleep assessment. We summarise key historical developments in automated sleep staging systems, having now achieved classification accuracy on par with human expert scorers and their role in the clinical setting ..read more

Summary The association between lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea has remained a matter of debate for years. Obstructive sleep apnea is thought to increase the incidence of lung cancer due to intermittent hypoxaemia and sleep fragmentation. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with lung cancer and its effect on those patients' performance status. This is a prevalence study that was conducted at Chest Diseases Department, Alexandria Main University Hospitals. We enrolled 153 patients with lung cancer. All patients underwent cardiorespira ..read more

Summary It is well established that individuals differ in their response to sleep loss. However, existing methods to predict an individual's sleep-loss phenotype are not scalable or involve effort-dependent neurobehavioural tests. To overcome these limitations, we sought to predict an individual's level of resilience or vulnerability to sleep loss using electroencephalographic (EEG) features obtained from routine night sleep. To this end, we retrospectively analysed five studies in which 96 healthy young adults (41 women) completed a laboratory baseline-sleep phase followed by a sleep-loss cha ..read more

Summary Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with many co-morbidities in children and young people. Obesity has long been recognised as an important risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Currently, polysomnography is regarded as the gold-standard diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea. The validity of oximetry as a screening and diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea has been the subject of several studies in the literature. There is little published evidence on the use of oximetry in children with obesity. This study assesses whether oximetry is a reliable diagnostic ..read more