by Sung Pil JungYeon Ok Kima Premium Vehicle R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Yeongam-gun, Republic of Koreab EV Enterprise Research Part, DaeDong Electric Vehicle Corp., Boryeong-si, Republic of Korea

by Shuang MengWei FanXin WangLianyu ZhengZuoxu Wanga School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Design and Manufacturing Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac MIIT Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology for Aeronautics Advanced Equipments, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

by Yashika KumarRavindra SinghChitra Katariaa Department of Design, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, Indiab ISIC-Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Delhi, India

by Paul SchaechtlStefan GoetzBenjamin SchleichSandro Wartzacka Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germanyb Product Life Cycle Management PLCM, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

by Mingrui LiZuoxu WangZhijie YanXinxin LiangJihong LiuSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

by Xianfu ChengJing YangZhihong WangYifei PanKey Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment of the Ministry of Education, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China

by Vivek KantIshaan NejeebSachin AlyaPrakhar JainRamesh Singha Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Indiab Independent Researcher, Bangalore, Indiac Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India

by Zhigang JiangBilian SunShuo ZhuWei YanYanan WangHua Zhanga Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, People’s Republic of Chinac School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Australiae Academy of Green Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

by Stélian Camara Dit PintoÉric VilleneuveDimitri MassonGuy André BoyLaetitia Urfelsa Laboratoire Génie Industriel, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Franceb ESTIA Institute of Technology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bidart, Francec OneTech, R&D Division, R&D line CO2 and Sustainability, TotalEnergies, Pau, France

by Shijian LuoPing ShanZe BianHuan LinYufei ZhangZhitong CuiChengyi ShenLiuyu Wanga Department of Industrial Design, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China