Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 660-673: Albedo Reflection Modeling in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules
MDPI » Solar
by Vincenzo d’Alessandro, Santolo Daliento, Mahmoud Dhimish, Pierluigi Guerriero
1d ago
This paper focuses on the analytical modeling of albedo reflection in bifacial photovoltaic modules, with particular emphasis on the backside. First, we critically examine the approaches proposed in the literature, presenting them with a tutorial style and a uniform nomenclature. These approaches are demonstrated to yield physically meaningless results, as they erroneously assume that the ground area shaded by the module acts as a source of reflected irradiance independent of the portion of sky dome visible to such an area. Then we introduce a correction based on the view factor between the sh ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 639-659: High-Precision Defect Detection in Solar Cells Using YOLOv10 Deep Learning Model
MDPI » Solar
by Lotfi Aktouf, Yathin Shivanna, Mahmoud Dhimish
6d ago
This study presents an advanced defect detection approach for solar cells using the YOLOv10 deep learning model. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 10,500 solar cell images annotated with 12 distinct defect types, our model integrates Compact Inverted Blocks (CIBs) and Partial Self-Attention (PSA) modules to enhance feature extraction and classification accuracy. Training on the Viking cluster with state-of-the-art GPUs, our model achieved remarkable results, including a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 98.5%. Detailed analysis of the model’s performance revealed exceptional pr ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 606-638: A Novel Spectral Correction Method for Predicting the Annual Solar Photovoltaic Performance Ratio Using Short-Term Measurements
MDPI » Solar
by Francisca Muriel Daniel-Durandt, Arnold Johan Rix
2w ago
A novel spectral-corrected Performance Ratio calculation method that aligns the short-term Performance Ratio calculation to the annual calculated Performance Ratio is presented in this work. The spectral-corrected Performance Ratio allows short-term measurements to reasonably estimate the annual Performance Ratio, which decreases the need for long-term measures and data storage and assists with routine maintenance checkups. The piece-wise empirical model incorporates two spectral variables, a geographical location-based variable, the air mass, a PV-technology-based variable, and a newly define ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 595-605: Correlation between Broken Contact Fingers and I–V Characteristics of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules
MDPI » Solar
by Abdulhamid Atia, Fatih Anayi, Ali Bahr, Gao Min
3w ago
This paper reports on the correlation between broken contact fingers and the shape of the current–voltage (I–V) curve of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It was found that the broken contact fingers of a solar cell in the PV module cause a noticeable change in the I–V curve of the PV module when the solar cell was partially shaded. The broken contact fingers were inspected by microscopic imaging and electroluminescence (EL) imaging, and a further investigation was carried out using a single solar cell. The results show that the fill factor of the cell decreased from 0 ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 572-594: Comparative Evaluation of Traditional and Advanced Algorithms for PV Systems in Partial Shading Conditions
MDPI » Solar
by Robert Sørensen, Lucian Mihet-Popa
1M ago
The optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems is vital for enhancing efficiency and economic viability, especially under Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs). This study focuses on the development and comparison of traditional and advanced algorithms, including Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IC), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), for efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Simulations conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink software package evaluated these algorithms&rs ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 3, Pages 195-212: Performance Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector under Quasi-Dynamic Conditions
MDPI » Solar
by Sahand Hosouli, João Gomes, Muhammad Talha Jahangir, George Pius
1M ago
Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) collectors are suitable for integration in limited roof space due to their higher solar conversion efficiency. Solar sunlight can be used more effectively by CPVT collectors in comparison to individual solar thermal collectors or PV modules. In this study, the experimental investigation of a novel CPVT collector called a PC (power collector) has been carried out in real outdoor conditions, and the test set-up has been designed based on ISO 9806:2013. A quasi-dynamic testing method has been used because of the advantages that this method can offer for c ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 555-571: Evaluation of Direct Sunlight Availability Using a 360° Camera
MDPI » Solar
by Diogo Chambel Lopes, Isabel Nogueira
1M ago
One important aspect to consider when buying a house or apartment is adequate solar exposure. The same applies to the evaluation of the shadowing effects of existing buildings on prospective construction sites and vice versa. In different climates and seasons, it is not always easy to assess if there will be an excess or lack of sunlight, and both can lead to discomfort and excessive energy consumption. The aim of our project is to design a method to quantify the availability of direct sunlight to answer these questions. We developed a tool in Octave to calculate representative parameters, suc ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 526-554: Design of a Novel Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic–Thermal System Equipped with Energy Storages, Optimized for Use in Residential Contexts
MDPI » Solar
by Carmine Cancro, Valeria Palladino, Aniello Borriello, Antonio Romano, Luigi Mongibello
1M ago
Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology is based on the principle of concentrating direct sunlight onto small but very efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells. This approach allows the realization of PV modules with conversion efficiencies exceeding 30%, which is significantly higher than that of the flat panels. However, to achieve optimal performance, these modules must always be perpendicular to solar radiation; hence, they are mounted on high-precision solar trackers. This requirement has led to the predominant use of CPV technology in the construction of solar power plants in open and large ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 509-525: An Analytical Approach to Power Optimization of Concentrating Solar Power Plants with Thermal Storage
MDPI » Solar
by Andrii Cheilytko, Spiros Alexopoulos, Andriy Pozhuyev, Oliver Kaufhold
1M ago
This paper deals with the problem of determining the optimal capacity of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, especially in the context of hybrid solar power plants. This work presents an innovative analytical approach to optimizing the capacity of concentrated solar plants. The proposed method is based on the use of additional non-dimensional parameters, in particular, the design factor and the solar multiple factor. This paper presents a mathematical optimization model that focuses on the capacity of concentrated solar power plants where thermal storage plays a key role in the energy sourc ..read more
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Solar, Vol. 4, Pages 491-508: New Approaches in Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for Grid-Connected PV Inverters: State of the Art
MDPI » Solar
by Shakil Mirza, Arif Hussain
1M ago
Grid-connected PV inverters require sophisticated control procedures for smooth integration with the modern electrical grid. The ability of FCS-MPC to manage the discrete character of power electronic devices is highly acknowledged, since it enables direct manipulation of switching states without requiring modulation techniques. This review discusses the latest approaches in FCS-MPC methods for PV-based grid-connected inverter systems. It also classifies these methods according to control objectives, such as active and reactive power control, harmonic suppression, and voltage regulation. The a ..read more
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