Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 168-181: The Influence of the Banking Sector on Economic Growth and Commodity Prices: A Panel Data Analysis of Spain, France, and Romania Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3020011 Authors: Houssem Eddine Hamdaoui Maite Cancelo This study aims to investigate the impact of the banking sector on economic growth and commodity prices. Through panel data analysis, the research explores the relationship between the banking sector and economic growth in Spain, France, and Romania from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal a positive correlation between the strength of the bank ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 151-167: Evaluating the World’s First Sovereign Blue Bond: Lessons for Operationalising Blue Finance Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3020010 Authors: Antaya March Tegan Evans Stuart Laing Jeremy Raguain The Seychelles blue bond is an innovative finance mechanism that has played a pivotal role in shaping the global landscape of blue bonds. Seychelles leadership in the blue economy sets a significant precedent. However, this precedent has also raised concerns among various stakeholders. This study evaluates of Seychelles’ sovereign blue bond ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 127-150: The Dynamics of Commodity Research: A Multi-Dimensional Bibliometric Analysis Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3020009 Authors: Ionuț Nica Nora Chiriță This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis conducted in R Studio of the scientific landscape regarding commodity markets, trading strategies, sustainable production, integration of technologies such as machine learning, and their economic impacts, covering publications from 1974 to 2023. Employing a sophisticated query in Scopus, we meticulously compiled and analyzed data, revealing an annua ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 115-126: Obtaining Accurate Gold Prices Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010008 Authors: Amit K. Sinha Gold prices have been of major interest for a lot of investors, analysts, and economists. Accordingly, a number of different modeling approaches have been used to forecast gold prices. In this manuscript, the geometric Brownian motion approach, used in the pricing of numerous types of assets, is used to forecast the prices of gold at yearly, monthly, and quarterly frequencies. This approach allows for simulating one-period-ahead prices and the associated probabi ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 98-114: Green Ammonia Production in Stochastic Power Markets Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010007 Authors: Ezio Lauro Amélie Têtu Hélyette Geman Real assets in the energy market are subject to ecological uncertainty due to the penetration of renewables. We illustrate this point by analyzing electrolyzers, a class of assets that recently became the subject of large interest, as they lead to the production of the desirable green hydrogen and green ammonia. The latter has the advantage of being easily stored and has huge potential in decarbonizing both the fertil ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 75-97: Crude Oil Price Movements and Institutional Traders Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010006 Authors: Celso Brunetti Jeffrey H. Harris Bahattin Büyükşahin We analyze the role of hedge fund, swap dealer, and arbitrageur activity in the crude oil market. The contribution of our work is to examine the role of institutional traders in switching between high-volatility and low-volatility regimes. Using confidential position data on institutional investors, we first analyze the linkages between trader positions and fundamentals. We find that these institutional p ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 62-74: Does Crude Oil Production Respond Differently to Oil Supply and Demand Shocks? Evidence from Alaska Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010005 Authors: Jungho Baek The paper conducts extensive research on how Alaska’s oil production is affected by shocks in oil supply, aggregate demand, and oil-specific demand under both symmetric and asymmetric scenarios. We demonstrate that employing an empirical model with the inclusion of an asymmetric assumption provides a more suitable approach for comprehensively understanding the short and long-term impa ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 39-61: Financial Market Stress and Commodity Returns: A Dynamic Approach Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010004 Authors: Ramesh Adhikari Kyle J. Putnam This paper examines the relationship between commodity index returns and the Office of Financial Research Financial Stress Index (OFR FSI). Utilizing the S&P GSCI and its five sub-indices (agriculture, livestock, energy, industrial metals, and precious metals), we find that the causal relationship between financial market stress and commodity index returns is conditional on the sample period examined ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 3, Pages 36-38: Navigating the Complex Landscape of Economic Research Concerning Commodities Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities3010003 Authors: Jungho Baek As we delve into the realm of economic research concerning commodities, it becomes increasingly evident that the contemporary world is marked by constant change and evolving dynamics ..read more

Commodities, Vol. 2, Pages 417-432: Innovation and Drivers of Productivity: A Global Analysis of Selected Critical Minerals Commodities doi: 10.3390/commodities2040024 Authors: Shabbir Ahmad Innovation and technology are important tools for delivering efficiency and productivity improvement in the minerals sector. The uptake of technologies has proven to be an important lever for increasing the productivity of the mining sector. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of mine-level productivity using global data of copper, gold, and platinum from 1991 to 2020. Various drivers of productiv ..read more