ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 53: An Internal Model Based—Sliding Mode Control for Open-Loop Unstable Chemical Processes with Time Delay ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030053 Authors: Christian Camacho Hernan Alvarez Jorge Espin Oscar Camacho This paper presents a dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC) for open-loop unstable chemical or biochemical processes with a time delay. The controller is based on the sliding mode and internal model control concepts. The proposed DSMC has an internal P/PD controller to provide systems with disturbance rejection. An identification me ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 52: Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions onto Goethite Chitosan Beads: Isotherms, Kinetics, and Mechanism Studies ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030052 Authors: Tanawit Sirijaree Pornsawai Praipipat Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal that creates a water pollutant. It can be released from industrial processes, agricultural chemistry, and community wastes, affecting creatures and human health even at a low concentration. As a result, it is advised that lead be removed before releasing wastewater into the environment. This study synthesized three chitosan bea ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 51: Waste Management after the Injection Process by Manufacturing Polyamide Products Based on Regranulate ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030051 Authors: Danuta Matykiewicz Tomasz Olszewski Jacek Andrzejewski The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of utilizing the waste generated in the injection molding process for the production of new products based on polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber. The manufactured samples were prepared with the addition of 5, 10, 15, and 100 wt.% regrind from the runner system. The impact strength, tensile s ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 50: Agricultural Biomass Waste to Biochar: A Review on Biochar Applications Using Machine Learning Approach and Circular Economy ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030050 Authors: Prathiba Rex Kalil Rahiman Mohammed Ismail Nagaraj Meenakshisundaram Praveen Barmavatu A V S L Sai Bharadwaj Biochar has gained attention as an alternative source of solid energy and for the proper disposal of agricultural biomass waste (ABW). Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is a promising approach for the production of biochar. This review article presents the beneficial u ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 49: Mathematical Modelling of Muña Leaf Drying (Minthostachys mollis) for Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient, Enthalpy, and Gibbs Free Energy ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030049 Authors: Reynaldo J. Silva-Paz Dante K. Mateo-Mendoza Amparo Eccoña-Sota In Peru, there are more than four thousand plants with medicinal properties, including muña, which helps digestion and improves health. The way to preserve these plants is drying up. The objective of this research was to investigate the coefficient of diffusion, entha ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 48: A Novel Approach to Optimize the Industrial Process of Membrane Concentration of Grape Musts ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030048 Authors: Biagio Bianchi Bruno Molino Filippo Catalano Ferruccio Giametta Antonio Jacopo Molino Luigi Ambrosone Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are used in the concentration of grape musts in winemaking. Both technologies offer an effective way to concentrate the grape musts, reducing the volume and the solids content to achieve desired characteristics in the final wine. The choice between nanofiltration and revers ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 45: Solid-Oxide Amperometric Sensor for Hydrogen Detection in Air ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030045 Authors: Anatoly Kalyakin Alexander Volkov Liliya Dunyushkina An amperometric sensor based on CaZr0.95Sc0.05O3−δ (CZS) proton-conducting oxide for the measurement of hydrogen concentration in air was designed and tested. Dense CZS ceramics were fabricated through uniaxial pressing the powder synthesized by the solid-state method and sintering at 1650 °C for 2 h. The conductivity of CZS was shown to increase ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 44: An Integrated Approach to the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Simulation, Modeling, and Life Cycle Assessment ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030044 Authors: Riccardo Bacci di Capaci Andrea Luca Tasca Riccardo Gori Sandra Vitolo Monica Puccini Gabriele Pannocchia Sewage sludge management at wastewater treatment plants is becoming a more and more challenging task. Here, an innovative integrated modeling approach is developed to investigate the optimization of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) by the inclusion of hydrother ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 41: A Machine Learning-Based Study of Li+ and Na+ Metal Complexation with Phosphoryl-Containing Ligands for the Selective Extraction of Li+ from Brine ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030041 Authors: Natalia Kireeva Vladimir E. Baulin Aslan Yu. Tsivadze The growth of technologies concerned with the high demand in lithium (Li) sources dictates the need for technological solutions garnering Li supplies to preserve the sustainability of the processes. The aim of this study was to use a machine learning-based search for phosphoryl-containing podandic liga ..read more

ChemEngineering, Vol. 7, Pages 42: Lignin Valorization for Added-Value Chemicals: Kraft Lignin versus Lignin Fractions ChemEngineering doi: 10.3390/chemengineering7030042 Authors: Carina A. E. Costa Filipa M. Casimiro Carlos Vega-Aguilar Alírio E. Rodrigues Lignin is a raw material that can potentially be converted into valuable compounds through depolymerization reactions in addition to its use as a polymer or material. However, the chemical recalcitrance and the heterogeneous composition and structure of lignin make it challenging to establish processes that add value to this complex aromati ..read more