Abstract Objectives The present study aims to compare body adiposity and blood pressure (BP) in two climatically and ethnically diverse populations, examining whether thermoregulatory adaptive mechanism may protect Indigenous populations from exhibiting adverse consequences of increased adiposity. Methods A cross sectional sample of 404 subjects, of which 200 were Monpa and 204 were Santhal, from two ethnically and geographically distinct populations of India were studied. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), fat mass (FM; kg), fat free mass (kg), and percent body fat (%BF) were calculated for evalua ..read more

American Journal of Human Biology, EarlyView ..read more

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to determine the association of self-perceived and objective BMI and adiposity status among adolescents from Kraków (Poland). Methods The study was carried out in 2022, in randomly selected schools in Kraków (Poland). The study group consisted of 93 individuals (47 girls and 46 boys) aged 11–15. Anthropometric characteristics included body height, body weight and body fat percentage (%BF), measured by bioimpedance method (BIA). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Self-perceived body weight/adiposity status was obtained using a question extracted from the P ..read more

Abstract Introduction The impact of infection on infant nutritional status, body size, and growth is well documented. However, research into the impact of infection on infant body composition is limited. Greater understanding is, therefore, needed on the effects of infection in early life. Methods Associations between a composite morbidity index consisting of the sum of the cumulative tallies for a range of symptoms representing infection and morbidity in the infants and nutritional status (height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ)), and body composition (fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass ..read more

Abstract Objective To explore the differences and characteristics of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among children and adolescents in regions with different latitudes in China. Methods A total of 9892 children and adolescents aged 7–22 years were selected from seven administrative regions in China by the stratified cluster random sampling method. CRF was measured by performance on the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) and estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). One-way ANOVA, one-way ANCOVA, and the Lambda Mu and Sigma methods were used to analyze the data. Results Overall, the VO2max of ..read more

Abstract Background This article aimed to study the adjustment and adaptation of resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), oxygen saturation (SpO2), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), and heart rate (HR) in low-altitude migrants during a 1-year stay at high altitude. Materials and Methods Our study enrolled 35 young migrants who were exposed to a hypoxia environment at 5380 m altitude on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau between June 21, 2017, and June 16, 2018. We set 14-time points (the 1st–10th, 20th, 30th, 180th, and 360th day after arriving at 5380 m) for obtaining th ..read more

Abstract Objectives To study the somatotype variations adjusted by altitude, age, sex, and BMI categories, and to assess the health status of the children population. Methods A sample of 460 children aged 8–13 years was assessed in a cross-sectional study conducted on anthropometric measurements between 2011 and 2015. Data were categorized into two age groups: Group 8–10, Group 11–13 and two altitudes: Highland (>2000 masl), lowland (<2000 masl). The somatotypic profile was determined by the Heath and Carter's study method and the Body Mass Index was used to assess children nutritional s ..read more

Abstract Objective Puberty affects sleep phasing. However, it is unclear if sleep duration earlier in childhood could influence the timing of pubertal events. We aimed to assess the association between middle childhood nighttime sleep duration and age at menarche (AAM). Methods In a cohort of 819 premenarcheal Colombian girls who were followed annually for the occurrence of menarche, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for menarche by categories of recommended sleep duration in middle childhood using Cox models. Analyses were stratified by age at sleep a ..read more

Abstract Background Pregnancy during adolescence may increase the risk of overweight/obesity. There is evidence that increasing calcium intake, alone or vitamin D-combined, may favor loss of weight and/or fat mass. Objectives We hypothesized that calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduces excessive fat accumulation during postpartum period. We aimed to investigate the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on body composition measurements throughout 1 year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with habitually low calcium intake (~600 mg/day). Methods Adolescents ..read more

American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 35, Issue 5, May 2023 ..read more