Introductory Censuses and self assessments are widely used tools to calculate bilingualism in an area, but these tools carry a bunch of limitations. For example, censuses may avoid division of bilingulism based on different regions, and self assessments may contain exaggerated responses from individuals. We previously learned that it was difficult to define bilingualism because it is affected by different factors, and different geographical regions will have different concentrations of bilingualism. The issues in defining bilingualism further complicate how we ought to measure it. Though the c ..read more

Introductory What is "research"? Is it about discovering something, or is it about trying to discover something. This is a simple, layman's interpretation of this often quoted word, but academia has a different but comprehensive definition for this word. Research is a systematic investigation to solve problems. Problems such as global warming, inflation, war, etc. But since we are studying language, the solutions we will have to seek for problems will mainly revolve around language. Types of Research Academic research is divided into the following: Application Pure Research: Does not solve a ..read more

Introductory Criticism in literature has been going around the text, and the author who wrote it. But criticism isn't limited to the author or his text, the era he belonged to and historical, political and economic contexts are equally important to it. Though the critics behind formalism ignored everything except text, similar to the New Critics. (Actually, formalists came before new critics. And New Criticism was itself a formalist movement in criticism.) Formalism was a movement in literary criticism that originated in Russia during Russian Revolution in 1910s. Formalism had two distinct gro ..read more

Disclaimer: My choice for optional subjects was Literary Essays and I am NOT an expert in Linguistics. Please use these questions at your own risk. But all of these questions are answered after extensive research.  2022 IIA Q1: Give one definition of language given by any linguist.  "A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates." (Bernard Bloch and George L. Trager) Q2: What makes Linguistics Science? Linguistics, by its nature, revolves around the study of a language but that study is carried out through scientific methods of observat ..read more

 Plays augmented through Ibsen's pen strike the prevalent stereotypes in a society without presenting a one-sided picture. Hedda Gabler, a play included in our course outline of UoS, showcased the exquisite psychological trauma of a woman whose "time was up". Nora in "A Doll's House" is someone who, at the beginning is someone "less than Hedda" but when she goes through few realizations throughout the play, she becomes "more than Hedda" as our teacher puts it.  Similarity between the Plays "Hedda Gabler" and "A Doll's House" share the traits of a few common characters and themes with ..read more

8601 Coming soon! 8602 Chapter 1 - Download Chapter 2 - Download 8603 Coming soon! 8604 Coming soon! 8605 Coming soon! 8606 Coming soon ..read more

Christopher Marlowe, a renowned playwright from the Elizabethan Era, is known for tracing somewhat 'forbidden' themes of his time like the theme of antisemitism in The Jew of Malta and the theme of witchcraft in his flagship play, Doctor Faustus -- a clear indication of the intellectual rebellion against the orthodox beliefs that took place in Renaissance. For those who don't know, "Doctor Faustus" is a story of a scholar at the University of Wittenberg who sold his soul to the devils so that he may acquire the limitless amount of knowledge, wealth and power. This play appeared in 1594.  ..read more

Introductory Lucky's speech, though a bunch of verbal gibberish, still assumes the shape of a valuable asset in Waiting for Godot because of a certain theological theme it carries. It is worth noting that the speech is delivered by someone who does not speak on usual accounts and his speech is a result of his "thinking". According to Beckett, "The threads and themes of the play are being gathered together [in this speech]. " And there is a reason why has Beckett said so. As this play mainly highlights the absurdity and uncertainty of life, Lucky's incoherent speech throws a spotlight on such s ..read more

This assignment is written by Ishrat Jahan Audio-lingual method Audio-lingual method is a method used for teaching foriegn language, where oral method is the main concern to learn, where students are made to listen to the teacher speak using the target language and then repeat after the teacher in order to learn the target language. A historical overview According to Richards and Rodgers, During the second world war had a significant effect on language teaching there. To supply the US Personnel who were fluent in German, French, Italian, Chinese, Japanere, Maky, and other languages, and who c ..read more

Introductory Catherine Belsey's Critical Practice is all about the extraction of the meaning out of a given text. In this book, she does not tell a definite method for the extraction of meaning, but she explains theories being brought up through the different schools of thought which were set against the Common Sense view of Literature like New Criticism and Reader Power. Belsey was of the view that those theories were trapped in their own problems of Common Sense. She further claims that it was Post-Saussurean Linguistics which guided the literary and practical criticism to find out the meani ..read more