Piping isometric drawings is the term used for automatically generating spool sheets, complete with bills of materials (BOM) for pipe spool fabrication which satisfies the process requirements. Isometrics are modelled and generated from 3D model software into 2D drawings (isometric sheet) which is used for fabrication by construction subcontractor. An isometric usually shows a complete line from one piece of line or equipment to another. It gives all information necessary for fabrication and erection of piping. Items and information to be shown on an isometrics include: North arrow (Plant nor ..read more

PIPE WEIGHT INDEX PIPE SCHEDULE FLANGES ECCENTRIC REDUCER CENTER OF RUN PIPE TO FACE OF WELDOLET BARE PIPE SPACING CENTER OF RUN PIPE TO FACE OF FLANGE SOCKETWELD FITTINGS SCREWED FITTINGS VALVES LAP JOINT STUB END ..read more

This chapter highlights the types of pumps commonly found in industrial plants, along with maintenance and operation considerations for a pump and operation considerations for a pump piping layout. The two primary piping connections are the suction and discharge nozzles (i.e. Liquid inlet and outlet).The impeller Within the pump case draws the liquid into the pump and sends it out at a high velocity. The impeller shaft is sealed with a stuffing box where the shaft exists the case to prevent the pump fluid from leaking, Drips from wearing seals are picked up in the stiffing box drain. The pump ..read more

This design guide is intended to highlight criteria to be considered when establishing equipment nozzle locations. Where options do exist, the piping designer must make the final decision based upon the circumstances at hand. This guide is not intended to address normal piping issues as they are to be covered in the respective guides for each equipment item. Centrifugal Pump – Motor Drive: Centrifugal Pump – Turbine Drive : Shell and Tube Exchangers: Shell and Tube Nozzle arrangements: Shell and Tube – Vertical Reboiler: Air Cooled Heat Exchanger: Horizontal Drum: Vertical Reactor – hi ..read more

The requirement of piping supports are as below follows : • To carry the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves with / without insulation, with operating / test fluid. •  To provide adequate stiffness to the piping against external loads such as wind load, ice, snow, seismic load etc. •  To avoid overstressing of the piping material. •  To avoid sagging of pipe which creates draining problem. •  To control the thermal expansion / contraction in desired manner •  To withstand and dampen vibration produced by connected equipment such as pump, compressor etc. Type of suppor ..read more

Piping and instrumentation diagram are the piping designers roadmap for layout piping systems. The designer should understand the P&ID and the specific system characteristics. With this knowledge the designer is required to develop the P&ID and arrange connections and branches as required to best suit the process to actual physical design. The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) provides a schematic representation of the piping, process control and Instrumentation which shows the functional relationships among the system components. The P&ID also provides important inform ..read more

The codes and standards which related to piping systems and piping components are published by various organizations. These organizations have committees made up of representatives from industry associations, manufacturers, professional groups, users, government agencies, insurance companies, and other interest groups. The committees are responsible for maintaining, updating and revising the codes and standards in view of technological developments, research, experience feedback, problems and changes in referenced codes, standards, specifications, and regulations. The revisions to various code ..read more

Equipment layout is developed as the course of the detailed engineering phase by the designer considering the location of the equipment and supporting facilities within the process operating plant. Various factors to be considered to develop the equipment layout and the are discussed below. Plant Layout Specification – This document in the project highlights spacing requirements for equipments and access widths and elevation clearances for operator and maintenance access. Economic Piping – Major portion of the piping within most process units is used to interconnect equipment and support contr ..read more

The process unit plot plan is an arrangement drawing that consists the equipments ,pipe racks and buildings.These are required for a given process integrated within a common battery limit area ,usually designed for independent operation and shutdown.The final plot plan contains all the components by designated numbers and shows to scale ,the basic shape of the equipments and supporting facilities ,locating them in both the vertical and the horizontal planes.Plot plans developed with three dimensional models have the advantage of producing multiple plans,elevations and isometric views. The plot ..read more

A PFD/UFD  is a schematic drawing of a process or utility unit which explains the overall scheme of the process flow for a plant Used for HAZID (Hazard identification) study PFD’s / UFD’s are prepared under the responsibility of the process or utility engineer No modifications to a PFD / UFD shall be made without his authorization What is included in a PFD/UFD? Process/Utility Piping Major equipment symbols, names and identification  numbers Control valves and valves that affect operation of the system Interconnection with other systems Major bypass and recirculation lines System ..read more