Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World Article Title: Aphasia Author: Alaa Amer Editors: Hamid Ghanem, Peter Bael Reviewer: Zain Alsaddi Keywords: Aphasia, Broca’s, Wernicke’s, Neurological Language Disorder, Stroke-induced aphasia, Progressive Aphasia, Acquired Aphasia. Overview Aphasia refers to a disorder of language formation due to damage in specific brain regions that control language expression and comprehension. Researchers classified aphasia according to the assessment of language functions such as auditory comprehension, spontaneous speech, reading and writing, repetition, and naming. S ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World Article Topic: Multiple Sclerosis Author: Kafa Al-Zoubi Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), B cells, Pathogenesis, Classification Scientific Editor: Marah Bassam Akhdar Linguistic Editor: Noor AlOsta. Definition Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system in which oligodendrocytes are damaged and neuronal function is progressively lost (1). It is characterized by transient and frequent episodes of inflammation that result in demyelination and subsequent damage of the underlying axons in the brain, op ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World  Article Topic: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Author: Boshra Alajarma Keywords: Neurons, Frontotemporal Dementia, Free Radicals, Motor Muscle Scientific Editor: Marah Bassam Akhdar Linguistic Editor: Noor AlOsta Introduction This disease has many names, such as; Lou Gehrig’s disease, Motor Neuron  Disease (MND) and Charcot disease. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a set of rare neurological diseases that mainly affects the neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement such as the muscles responsible for chewing food ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World Article Topic: Edema Author: Areen Amaireh Keywords: Brain Edema, Swelling, Cerebral Edema, ICP Scientific Editor: Marah Bassam Akhdar Linguistic Editor:  Definition Cerebral edema is the accumulation of extreme quantities of fluid  within the brain parenchyma [1]. It can be caused by brain damage because of several potential reasons, such as ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, brain traumas, infections or tumors. Brain edema causes weakened nerve function, increased intracranial pressure (ICP), leading eventually to unconsciousness and herniation [3 ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World Article topic: Cerebral ischemia Author: Areen Amaireh Keywords: cerebral, infarction, ischemia, hypoxia, occlusion.  Definition and symptoms Cerebrovascular diseases are brain disorders caused by pathological processes involving blood vessels (1). Ischemic cerebrovascular events represent a significant public health problem because of their high morbidity, mortality, and possible disability (2). The three main pathogenic mechanisms are thrombotic occlusion, embolic occlusion, and vascular rupture. Stroke is the clinical designation applied to all these ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World Topic: Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction. Author: Taqwa Haweeleh. Keywords: autoimmunity, diseases of NMJ, neuromuscular junction, myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton, congenital myasthenic syndromes, neurotoxin-producing bacteria, botulism, tetanus. Myasthenia gravis Introduction Myasthenia gravis is a relatively uncommon autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction that causes skeletal muscle weakness. Myasthenia gravis has been described as a fluctuating disease that is worsened with exertion and improved by rest, the autoimmune attacks mostly tar ..read more

Neuropedia - Welcome to Neuro World   Article topic: Brain Hemorrhage Author: Kafa Alzoubi Keywords: hematoma, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma(SDH), chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)   Hematoma Hematoma is a localized collection of blood and can occur anywhere in the body. It is derived from Greek roots (heme) means blood and (oma) means process but as the pathological term indicates a mass. It can be spontaneous due to coagulation disorders or anticoagulant therapy and can be secondary to trauma or surgery. Hematoma may be hyperacute or persistent in length and therefore its inte ..read more