Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 197-220: Towards Transdisciplinary Heritage Assessment: An Analysis of the Use of Landscape Study Methods as a Holistic Toolbox for Cultural Site Characterisation in the Spanish Context Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4020013 Authors: Celia López-Bravo This research work arises from the need to design specific techniques for the characterisation of cultural sites. Assuming the increasing complexity of the protection typologies, the expansion of working scales gives thanks to technology and the pursuit of social sustainability objectives. Thus, its main objecti ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 188-196: Landscape Design and Drawing as Tools for Understanding Climate Emergency and Sustainability Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010012 Authors: Anastasia Nikologianni Acknowledging the importance of climate challenges to our environment, landscape and cities, this review focuses on the exploration of visual methods (e.g., design, drawing, sketches) in relation to a deeper understanding of climate emergency and sustainability on a spatial scale. It provides an overview of existing research and highlights the role design and drawing can play in landscape ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 170-187: Space Syntax at Expression of Science on User Flows in Open and Closed Spaces Aimed at Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal: A Review Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010011 Authors: Paulo Wladinir da Luz Leite Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva Leila Dal Moro Brian William Bodah Giana de Vargas Mores Dirceu Piccinato Junior Amanda Engel M. Santosh Alcindo Neckel Space syntax is utilized to model flows through open and closed built environments, which enables project innovation by rethinking the design of spaces on a global scale with be ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 148-169: The Power of Place: Unleashing the Potential of Place-Based Green Energy Landscapes Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010010 Authors: William Glockner Krista Planinac Kirk Dimond This research explores the role landscape architects can play in shaping renewable energy infrastructure in the Southwest United States. Conventional energy development often neglects the impacts on landscapes and communities, resulting in community frustration and project terminations. To address this issue and tackle the need for decarbonization, the Southwest Regional Virtu ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 124-147: An Exploration of Artistic Expressions of Everyday Peri-Urban Landscapes as a Method of Socio-Spatial Analysis in Spatial Planning Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010009 Authors: Annelies Staessen Antonio José Salvador Ingfrid Lyngstad Everyday landscapes, including peri-urban areas, play a pivotal role in shaping our physical and mental environments. Nevertheless, spatial planning often falls short of integrating contemporary everyday life and lived space. This paper advocates for an expanded approach beyond traditional planning methods, exploring t ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 112-123: Integrating Machine Learning in Urban Pedagogy: Addressing Homelessness in Skid Row Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010008 Authors: Taraneh Meshkani This paper investigates the application of machine learning in urban and architectural education, with a focus on addressing homelessness in Skid Row, Los Angeles. It presents a case study of an urban design studio utilizing data-driven methods to propose transitional housing solutions, emphasizing the importance of design in the context of social justice. The study explores the use of machine learning a ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 89-111: Standard Block and Modular Dwelling Designs in Hong Kong’s Public Housing Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010007 Authors: Lu Wang Jingru Cyan Cheng Wojciech Mazan Sam Jacoby This paper examines the role of standard block and modular dwelling designs in Hong Kong’s public housing provision since the mid-1950s. It explores how standard types have evolved in relation to housing policies, demographic and socio-economic changes, and minimum space requirements. In contrast to other countries, Hong Kong lacks defined space or room sta ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 73-89: An Experiment in Transdisciplinary Systems Mapping: Architecture and the Water–Energy–Sanitation Nexus in Brazil Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010006 Authors: Marco Aurélio Soares de de Castro Norma Valencio Deljana Iossifova Cristine Diniz Santiago Luciana Ziglio Arthur Valencio Erica Pugliesi Juliano Costa Gonçalves Eric Cheung Ulysses Sengupta Urban environments contain and are part of a wide range of interconnected complex systems, including infrastructures and services. Rapid and often uncontrolled urbanization triggers distr ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 46-72: Function Follows Form: Considerations on Hard Heritage Facing the Climate Emergency Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010005 Authors: Maria Rita Pais In the discipline of architecture, there is an established familiarity with the 19th century’s Louis Sullivan’s pithy dictum “form follows function”. The expression has indeed directly and indirectly inspired many authors and movements, especially during the beginning of the 20th century, when objectivity showed its value in improving the progress of t ..read more

Architecture, Vol. 4, Pages 35-45: The Contribution of Typological Studies to the Integrated Rehabilitation of Traditional Buildings: Heritage Enhancement of Urban Centres in Inner Alentejo, Portugal Architecture doi: 10.3390/architecture4010004 Authors: Ana C. Rosado Miguel Reimão Costa The urban centres of inland Alentejo (southern Portugal) have long faced a depopulation crisis which, besides undermining the cohesion of the communities, compromises the conservation of the architectural heritage. The tendency to apply the discourses on tourism and population pressures from coastal cities to ..read more