What Is 16S rRNA? The 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) is a constituent component of the 30S subunit in prokaryotic ribosomes. The “S” in 16S pertains to the Svedberg unit, a measure that reflects the sedimentation rate of large molecules in a centrifugal field – the higher the value, the larger the molecule. The 16S rRNA gene is the DNA sequence encoding for bacterial rRNA and is found in the genomes of all bacteria. Significantly, 16S rRNA is highly conserved and highly specific, with a gene sequence of sufficient length. Figure 1. 16S rRNA gene. (A) The involvement of 16S rRNA g ..read more

In the field of genomics, two notable methodologies for DNA sequencing have risen to prominence: Primer Walking Sequencing and Shotgun Sequencing. These techniques, although distinct in their approaches, stand as indispensable instruments for deciphering the intricacies inherent within the genetic code. This discourse endeavors to dissect the nuances of both methodologies, elucidating their fundamental principles, diverse applications, as well as their respective strengths and limitations. What is Primer Walking Sequencing Primer walking sequencing stands as a directed approach for deciphering ..read more

The vital roles played by small RNA molecules in gene regulation and a myriad of cellular processes are undeniably essential within the realms of biological sciences. This extensive review encompasses a deep exploration into the complex nature of small RNA. We examine its definition, the diversity of its types, its multifaceted functions, as well as its intricate regulation mechanisms. The review also discusses the state-of-the-art advances in small RNA sequencing technologies, reflecting the continuous evolution and growth of this critical field in biotechnology. Small RNA Definition Small RN ..read more

1992 Bisulfite Treatment for Methylation Samples Commonly referred to as BS conversion, it involves treating methylated samples with bisulfite (abbreviated as "BS"), where "conversion" refers to the process by which unmethylated cytosines (C) are converted to uracils (U) and eventually to thymines (T) through PCR amplification, while methylated cytosines (5mC) are preserved. 2003 Pyrosequencing Pyrosequencing is primarily used for validating methylation sites. Essentially, it combines bisulfite modification with PCR amplification to operate a pyrosequencing machine. Notably, BS pyrosequencing ..read more

In the realm of modern biology, unlocking the complexities of genomes has been significantly propelled by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Among these, the sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) chemistry, in tandem with the esteemed DRAGEN Bio-IT platform, stands out for its unparalleled accuracy in delivering whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. However, the quest for understanding the entirety of genomic landscapes demands solutions that can bridge the gaps in hard-to-map genes and offer precise resolution in complex gene regions. Recent strides in DRAGEN analysis have admirably filled ..read more

The NextSeq Sequencing Systems from Illumina is a powerful and versatile system for high-throughput sequencing applications. It’s designed to deliver rapid and accurate results across various sequencing workflows, making it a popular choice for research, clinical, and applied genomics projects. This series is available in a variety of models Illumina NextSeq500, NextSeq550, NextSeq1000 and NextSeq 2000 sequencing systems. At CD Genomics, we utilize Illumina, MGI, PacBio SMRT and Oxford Nanopore sequencing platforms for our sequencing services. CD Genomics also offers its expertise in SNP and m ..read more

What is rRNA? Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as the foundational framework of the ribosome, a vital organelle orchestrating protein synthesis. Unlike messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic instructions for protein assembly, rRNA is a non-coding RNA that facilitates the actual process within the ribosome. Derived from ribosomal DNA (rDNA), rRNA collaborates with ribosomal proteins to construct the ribosome’s two main components: the large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU). Remarkably, despite its non-coding nature, rRNA dominates the cellular RNA landscape, constituting approxima ..read more

Pyrophosphate sequencing represents an innovative enzymatic cascade chemiluminescence sequencing method driven by four key enzymes: DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luciferase, and adenosine triphosphate bisphosphatase (apyrase). This cutting-edge technology enables real-time detection of biological light signals emitted during DNA synthesis, setting a groundbreaking precedent for simultaneous sequencing and synthesis. In the realm of early tumor screening and diagnosis, numerous methodologies focus on epigenetic methylation detection. Pyrophosphate sequencing stands out as the "gold standard ..read more

What is Exon? A coding sequence within a fragmented gene, an exon (expressed region) constitutes a vital segment of a eukaryotic gene. It remains conserved post-splicing and serves as the basis for protein expression during protein biosynthesis. These nucleotide sequences are present in both the initial transcription product and the mature RNA molecule. Genome encompasses the entire genetic information stored in the DNA of an organism. It comprises both gene regions, responsible for coding functional elements, and non-coding regions. The human genome, with a size of approximately 3 billion bas ..read more

The study of population evolution relies on advanced genomic techniques like whole-genome resequencing or other sequencing methods. These technologies enable the acquisition of genomic data from diverse subpopulations within a species. By extracting extensive variant information such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), insertions/deletions (InDel), structural variations (SV), and copy number variations (CNV), researchers delve into exploring the genetic architecture of the population. This comprehensive approach allows for an in-depth investigation into various aspects, including the pop ..read more