The presence of radiotoxic 210Po and 210Pb in Ukrainian wild medicinal plants and the assessment of related dose and cancer risk
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by A. Moniakowska, P. Konieczyński, K. Block, R. Lysiuk, N. Shapovalova, D. Strumińska‐Parulska
1w ago
Abstract Herbal plants are considered natural pharmaceuticals but also accumulate chemical elements and compounds at high levels. 210Po and 210Pb are highly radiotoxic and may cause carcinogenesis due to ionizing radiation. Thirteen of the most popular wild-growing herbaceous plant species, mostly included in the European Pharmacopoeia, were collected across Ukraine. 210Po and 210Pb were determined in the medicinal plants, and their radiotoxicity and cancer risk were calculated. The results of 210Po activities measured in herbal raw material ranged from 2.28 Bq kg−1 dw (where dw is dry we ..read more
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Phosphorus speciation in manure and fertilizer impacted Mid‐Atlantic coastal plain soils
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Lauren R. Mosesso, Mark S. Reiter, Kirk G. Scheckel, Nicole M. Fiorellino, Gurpal S. Toor, Amy L. Shober
2w ago
Abstract Historical applications of manures and fertilizers at rates exceeding crop P removal in the Mid-Atlantic region (United States) have resulted in decades of increased water quality degradation from P losses in agricultural runoff. As such, many growers in this region face restrictions on future P applications. An improved understanding of the fate, transformations, and availability of P is needed to manage P-enriched soils. We paired chemical extractions (i.e., Mehlich-3, water extractable P, and chemical fractionation) with nondestructive methods (i.e., x-ray absorption near edge stru ..read more
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Influence of irrigation water and soil on annual mercury dynamics in Sacramento Valley rice fields
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Luke A. Salvato, Mark Marvin‐DiPasquale, Jacob A. Fleck, Stephen A. McCord, Bruce A. Linquist
2w ago
Abstract Methylmercury (MeHg) is a human and environmental toxin produced in flooded soils. Little is known about MeHg in rice (Oryza Sativa L.) fields in Sacramento Valley, California. The objectives of this study were to quantify mercury fractions in irrigation water and within rice fields and to determine their mercury pools in surface water, soil, and grain. Soil, grain, and surface water (dissolved and particulate) MeHg and total mercury (THg) were monitored in six commercial rice fields throughout a winter fallow season and subsequent growing season. Both dissolved and particulate mercur ..read more
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Issue Information
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
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2w ago
On the cover: University of Iowa researchers (left to right) Matthew Streeter and Keith Schilling along with Hugh Howe (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) collect soil samples from the delta at Lake Red Rock, Iowa. See K.E. Schilling et al., “Potential for managing pool levels in a flood-control reservoir to increase nitrate-nitrogen load reductions,” https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20539. Photo by Todd Gosselink, Iowa Department of Natural Resources ..read more
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Phosphorus fractions and speciation in an alkaline, manured soil amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Darshani Kumaragamage, Ganga M. Hettiarachchi, Inoka Amarakoon, Doug Goltz, Srimathie Indraratne
2w ago
Abstract Snowmelt runoff is a dominant pathway of phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands in cold climatic regions. Soil amendments effectively reduce P losses from soils by converting P to less soluble forms; however, changes in P speciation in cold climatic regions with fall-applied amendments have not been investigated. This study evaluated P composition in soils from a manured field with fall-amended alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), or Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O) using three complementary methods: sequential P fractionation, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive ..read more
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Evaluating novel biodegradable polymer matrix fertilizers for nitrogen‐efficient agriculture
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Torsten Witt, Nicole Robinson, Ana C. Palma, Lucas A. Cernusak, Steven Pratt, Matthew Redding, Damien J. Batstone, Susanne Schmidt, Bronwyn Laycock
2w ago
Abstract Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) can reduce nitrogen (N) losses in temperate agriculture but are less effective in the tropics. We aimed to design a new EEF and evaluate their performance in simple-to-complex tests with tropical soils and crops. We melt-extruded urea at different loadings into biodegradable polymer matrix composites using biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) or polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) polymers with urea distributed throughout the pellet. These contrast with commercially coated EEF that have a polymer-coated urea core. We hypothesized tha ..read more
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Diurnal variation in methane emission from a rice paddy due to ebullition
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Masako Kajiura, Takeshi Tokida
1M ago
Abstract Diurnal fluctuations in methane (CH4) emission are frequently observed in rice paddy fields, yet the driving mechanisms behind these variations are not fully understood. We posited that the observed diurnal patterns are predominantly due to temperature-dependent bubbling emissions (ebullition). To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted measurements of CH4 emission in a Japanese rice paddy using static chambers coupled with a high-time-resolution CH4 analyzer that allowed us to partition the total flux into its two principal components: plant-mediated transport and ebullition. Diurn ..read more
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A review of the development and implementation of the critical source area concept: A reflection of Andrew Sharpley's role in improving water quality
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Richard McDowell, Peter J. A. Kleinman, Philip Haygarth, Joshua M. McGrath, Douglas Smith, Louise Heathwaite, Antti Iho, Oscar Schoumans, David Nash
1M ago
Abstract Critical source areas (CSAs) are small areas of a field, farm, or catchment that account for most contaminant loss by having both a high contaminant availability and transport potential. Most work on CSAs has focused on phosphorus (P), largely through the work in the 1990s initiated by Dr. Sharpley and colleagues who recognized the value in targeting mitigation efforts. The CSA concept has been readily grasped by scientists, farmers, and policymakers across the globe. However, experiences and success have been mixed, often caused by the variation in where and how CSAs are defined. For ..read more
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New phosphorus losses via tile drainage depend on fertilizer form, placement, and timing
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by William Osterholz, Zach Simpson, Mark Williams, Vinayak Shedekar, Chad Penn, Kevin King
1M ago
Abstract Agricultural phosphorus (P) losses are harmful to water quality, but knowledge gaps about the importance of fertilizer management practices on new (recently applied) sources of P may limit P loss mitigation efforts. Weighted regression models applied to subsurface tile drainage water quality data enabled estimating the new P losses associated with 155 P applications in Ohio and Indiana, USA. Daily discharge and dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) loads were used to detect increases in P loss following each application which was considered new P. The magnitude of new P losses w ..read more
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Water quality trends of streams in Puerto Rico: Evaluating 50 years of the Clean Water Act
Wiley Online Library » Journal of Environmental Quality
by Gustavo A. Martínez‐Rodríguez, Miguel A. Vázquez‐Cartagena, Cristian R. Perdomo‐García, Raul E. Macchiavelli, David Sotomayor‐Ramírez, Juan R. Rosa
1M ago
Abstract Water quality regulations entail a substantial commitment of resources from governments and private entities. It is important to continually evaluate the effectiveness of these regulations to ensure they are having the intended impact. In this paper, we evaluated nutrient data as indicators of primary productivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and pH as response variables to assess historical water quality trends from 55 stations of Puerto Rico. The stations were divided into impaired versus non-impaired categories based on their historical total phosphorus (TP) mean concen ..read more
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