Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in Egypt, particularly concerning extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Aim: To delineate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of EPTB patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 244 patients (144 had EPTB, compared to 94 with Pulmonary TB (PTB) & 6 patients had concurrent PTB and EPTB) at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, between October 2023 and August 2024. Data was collected during visits to the clinic. Results: The study included ..read more

Background: The tongue microbiome represents an important reservoir of pathogens, indicating an established risk for infections. The purpose of this study was to identify the tongue microbiota in subjects with and without oral diseases, and compare oral health status between sexes. Methods: The sample consisted of 92 subjects, divided into the following groups: 17 xerostomia patients, 21 periodontitis patients, 22 gingivitis patients, 14 patients with caries, and 18 control participants. Samples were collected from the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue for each subject. Microbial strai ..read more

Background: The spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance in enterobacteria is a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the role of resistance genes in the development of antibiotic resistance and to assess the impact of biotope (living environment) on the prevalence of these genes. Methods: Animal products (eggs, milk, fish), human sources (urine, feces), and the environment (surface soil, lettuce) were imployed using standard microbiology methods in order to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility and to detect resistance genes to beta-lactams (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-G1) and qu ..read more

Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a persistent middle ear inflammation with ear discharge, hearing loss, and tympanic membrane perforation. Management relies on antibiotics, but rising resistance limits treatment options, emphasizing the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies. This study assessed antibiotic resistance in CSOM at a tertiary hospital, with a focus on treatment efficacy and linezolid’s role against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at SUM ULTIMATE Hospital, Bhubaneswar, from September 2022 to August 2023, tot ..read more

Background: Acinetobacter is a critical nosocomial pathogen responsible for various infections. It represents global threat due to high antibiotic resistance, including to last-resort options, and possesses multiple virulence factors that lead to significant morbidity and mortality rates. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between different antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the presence of phospholipase D (pld) and serum resistance (traT) virulence genes in Acinetobacter isolated from clinical samples in ICUs. Methodology: Clinical specimens of hospital-acquired in ..read more

Background: The emergence and worldwide circulation of strains of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales represent a major public health problem. The aim of this study was the characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant strains isolated in Kinshasa hospitals. Methods: Urine samples were collected from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Bacteria were identified by using conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffus ..read more

Disseminated histoplasmosis is commonly associated with immunocompromised individuals but can also affect immunocompetent persons. However, the diagnosis may be missed as is often not expected in the non-immunocompromised. Our case report highlights the need to consider histoplasmosis as a differential in immunocompetent individuals. A 17-year-old female with symptoms of persistent fever and fatigue of 3 weeks duration. Examination findings were significant pallor, jaundice, and cervical lymphadenopathy. The chest X-ray, stool for Gene Xpert and urine for lipoarabinomannan assay were not suppo ..read more

Background: Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease that constitutes a major public health problem both nationally and internationally. In recent years, the number of leishmaniasis cases has been steadily increasing in the Draa Tafilalet region. Aim: This study aims to determine the impact of socioeconomic and geographic factors (altitude) on the distribution of leishmaniasis in this region. Methods: The health data used for this study were obtained from the official health reports published by the Moroccan Ministry of Health and Social Protection for the years 2017 to 2021. Pearson’s co ..read more

Background: Neonatal sepsis refers to infections caused by bacterial, fungal, viral, or protozoan agents that enter the bloodstream of newborns after birth. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the levels of CRP, IL-8, and IL-10 in neonates with sepsis and healthy neonates, as well as to determine how demographic variables affected these levels. Also to investigate whether these biomarkers could be used as reliable indicators for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods A case-control study was conducted at the Children’s Welfare Te ..read more

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is ranked next to bacterial vaginitis as the common and leading vaginal infection affecting greater number of women of childbearing age across the world. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Methods: High vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collected from 360 pregnant women selected from public health facilities in Akwa Ibom State and tested for the presence of Candida species using standard microbiological methods. Results: The result revealed an overa ..read more