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Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is commonly implicated in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Consensus guidelines for VAP recommend a 7-day course of appropriate antibiotics. However, recent studies have shown higher recurrence rates of PA pneumonia with shorter courses of antibiotics. This study was designed to compare PA pneumonia recurrence rates in patients who received appropriate antibiotics for ≤7 days vs >7 days. Methods A retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study of adults diagnosed with PA-VAP between January 2017 and May 2022 was conducted. Patients were ..read more

Background Endocarditis is a life-threatening condition with protean manifestations. The clinical syndrome continues to evolve with an aging population, the opioid epidemic, and changing microbiological profiles. Much of the clinical data for endocarditis comes from tertiary care centers with on-site cardiac surgery. Previous community cohorts do not reflect the current patient populations or current microbiology and predate the current opioid epidemic. We retrospectively reviewed the baseline clinical characteristics, microbiologic spectrum, surgical indication, tertiary referral, and outcome ..read more

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A retrospective chart review comparing non–COVID-19–related diseases during the pandemic and prepandemic periods found no difference in the hospital mortality rate during the initial COVID-19 surge compared with pre–COVID-19 baseline. This difference from the literature may be because of assigning more physicians to the hospital during the COVID-19 surge ..read more

Background Bacterial secondary infections were commonly reported in viral respiratory tract infections. However, it is not clear whether there is a difference in the infection rates during the hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) caused by COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secondary infections in long-term hospitalized patients in the ICU due to COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 increases the tendency to secondary infection in ICU patients. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study. It was conducted in a tertiary care hospital including 34-bed COVID-19 ICU and 20 ..read more

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Infectious aortitis, often leading to mycotic aortic aneurysm, is an uncommon disease. It is usually caused by either Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella species. Streptococcus pneumoniae is rarely reported as a cause of aortitis. We report a patient with infectious aortitis in which S. pneumoniae was isolated in blood and tissue cultures from emergent open surgical intervention. A review of the literature suggests that pneumococcal aortitis is an emerging infectious disease with many more cases reported during the last 2 decades than in the previous 50 years. Of the cases reported since 2008 ..read more