The association between number of allergy diseases and the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. FD, functional dyspepsia; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome ..read more

The profiles of the glucose breath test before and after treatment: hydrogen (H ) concentrations in rifaximin group (A) and rifaximin plus trimebutine maleate group (B); methane (CH ) concentrations in rifaximin group (C) and rifaximin plus trimebutine maleate group (D ..read more

Intramuscular collagen staining is significantly increased in the circular smooth muscle (CSM) layer of the esophagus in achalasia. (A-C) Representative images of histochemistry for detection of collagen using Sirius Red/Fast Green staining, in sections of control esophagus (A), type 1 achalasia (B) and type 3 achalasia (C). The type 3 pattern was typically more aberrant than the other subtypes of achalasia. Arrows indicate regions of red staining (collagen) among the smooth muscle cells (intracellular regions, green). Scale bar, 50 µm. (D) Outcome of image analyses showing increased amount of ..read more

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction patient: gas reflux events (arrows) not triggering upper esophageal sphincter relaxation and followed by secondary peristalsis ..read more

Mechanisms of gastrointestinal motility modulation in diabetic gastroparesis. The destruction and disappearance of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), abnormal levels of hormones in the gut-brain axis that affect gastric function and mitochondrial oxidative stress disorder leads to gastrointestinal dysfunction and produces gastroparesis. 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; CCK, cholecystokinin; SST, somatostatin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SMCs, smooth muscle cells ..read more

Participant’s work-up plan in cases of discrepancy between manometry and impedance data ..read more

Effects of acute administration of codeine on the frequency of esophageal primary peristalsis. Codeine significantly increased the frequency of normal primary contraction was significantly higher after codeine treatment, and the frequencies of weak and failed contractions were significantly lower after codeine treatment compared with placebo treatment ..read more

Management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Lifestyle adjustments are useful in any patient with reflux symptoms. Antisecretory therapy should be optimized and escalated if indicated. Adjunctive and topical agents, as well as adjunctive measures can be employed to improve symptoms. In patients with objective evidence of refractory GERD, escalation of management to anti-reflux surgery or other invasive interventions may be appropriate. H2RA, histamine H2 receptor antagonist; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; PCAB, potassium competitive acid blocker; G-POEM, gastric peroral endosc ..read more

Infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in controls and patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) before and after treatment. (A-C) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of biopsy sections. (D-F) CD117 staining of esophageal biopsy sections. (G-I) CD3 staining of esophageal biopsy sections. (J-L) Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) staining of esophageal biopsy sections. Representative staining of controls (A, D, G, J), EoE patients before treatment (B, E, H, K), and EoE patients after treatment (C, F, I, L) are shown. Bar = 50 ..read more

Forrest plot of studies comparing the efficacy of antibiotics in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with or without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The pooled response rate was 51.2% vs 23.4% in the SIBO and no SIBO group, respectively. Relative risk (95% CI) for improvement was 2.07 (1.40-3.08), = 0.0003. Heterogeneity was ..read more