Objectives: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures are considered low risk with an overall bleeding risk for upper and lower endoscopies of 0.11%. However, a certain population of patients may have a higher risk for bleeding, and there is not a standardized process for screening patients to determine who these patients are. Methods: At Children’s Wisconsin, our gastroenterology and hematology divisions adapted an abbreviated version of a validated, history-based bleeding risk screening tool and implemented a hematology referral process to identify those at risk for bleeding prior to their ..read more

Introduction/Objective: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment is widely used for fetal neuroprotection despite the controversy concerning the side effects. There is limited data regarding the impact of various cumulative maternal doses and neonatal serum magnesium (Mg) levels on short-term neonatal morbidity and mortality. We opted to carry out a study to determine the impact of neonatal serum Mg levels on neonatal outcomes. Method: We conducted this prospective observational study between 2017 and 2021. Antenatal MgSO4 was used for neuroprotective purpose only during the study period. Inborn pr ..read more

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Objectives: A connection between the bowel and bile ducts after the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) procedure poses a risk of ascending cholangitis. There were only a few evidence-based consensuses on the benefits of prophylactic antibiotics. This study aims to assess the value of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of cholangitis following the Kasai HPE procedure. Methods: Meta-analysis is performed using random-effects model from the search result of 5 online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EuropePMC) from inception to October 27, 2021 ..read more

Objectives: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment for children with intractable epilepsy (IE), can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, and have an adverse effect on growth, nutrition and quality of life (QOL). This study investigated the extent of these side effects by comparing children with IE on KDs to their counterparts on normal diets. Methods: Patients with IE were categorized into patients with KD or control groups. Gastrointestinal side effects and QOL were assessed using the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module. Cross sectional growth, gut microbiome compositions, and inflammation le ..read more

Objectives: The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMISS) is an awareness tool for evaluating cow’s milk-related symptoms in otherwise healthy infants ..read more

Objectives: Fungal esophagitis (FE) is the most common cause of esophageal infection and its prevalence in immunocompetent adults is rising. However, there is minimal data on FE in children without human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, symptoms, endoscopic appearances, and predictive factors of FE in children, regardless of immune status. Methods: A 2010–2020 retrospective case-control study was conducted on 1823 children presenting to Sydney Children’s Hospital for elective endoscopy with esophageal biopsy. Histopathology reports ..read more

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Objective: Children with complex needs and severe disability may undergo gastrostomy insertion to support feeding difficulties. Parent education programs are critical components of clinical care pathways but there is little information on parent-reported educational needs. This study describes the collaborative process that yielded a resource to assist parents considering gastrostomy tube placement for their children, and the evaluation of the resource. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to identify parent needs for gastrostomy education. Based on these data and codesigning ..read more

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