Egg yolk lipids alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating gut microbiota and increasing SCFAs production. NLRP3(NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3). Abstract Egg yolk lipids significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis, and increasing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations. However, the role of gut microbiota and the relationship between SCFAs and NLRP3 inflammasome are still unknown. Here, this study confirms that antibiotic treatment abolishes the protective effect of egg ..read more

Dietary ingredients and patterns have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi. The relationship between mycobiome and diet may have important implications for the pathogenesis of funcitonal gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Abstract Gut fungi are important parts of intestinal microbes. Dietary ingredients have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi in different directions and modulate mycobiome composition by changing dietary patterns, which have been applied to neurological disorders. Emerging pieces of evidence have revealed the regulatory functions of gut myco ..read more

The disruption of the mucosal layer by 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) treatment leads to microbiota dysbiosis. Glutamine possesses the potential to protect against 5-FU-induced microbiota dysbiosis and prevents the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Administration of high-dose glutamine effectively alleviates 5-FU-induced mucositis by enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and promoting mTOR expression. Scope This study investigates the potential of glutamine to mitigate intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Methods and results Over twelve days, In ..read more

Tolypocladium sinense is a fungus from Cordyceps whose mycelial polysaccharides mitigate obesity and inflammatory responses by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing the intestinal barrier. Scope Tolypocladium sinense is a fungus isolated from Cordyceps. Cordyceps has some medicinal value and is also a daily health care product. This study explores the preventive effects of T. sinense mycelium polysaccharide (TSMP) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and chronic inflammation in mice. Methods and results Here, the study establishes an obese mouse model induced by high-fat diet. In this stu ..read more

This study finds that specifically high expression of miR-3168 in premature breast milk exosomes affects the proliferation of neural stem cells and is required for neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons. Scope This study investigates the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles of term and preterm breast milk, including the most abundant and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and their impact on neurodevelopment in infants. Methods and Results Mature milk is collected from the mothers of term and preterm infants. Using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent data analysis, exosomal m ..read more

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) regulates high-fat diet-induced bile acid (BA) metabolism in mice, mediated by activation of the FXR pathway and increased levels of BA in the intestine and blood. Intestinal BA activates the TGR5 pathway in intestinal L-cells and promotes GLP-1 release. In addition, blood BA activates TGR5 in brown adipose tissue and triggers increased UCP1. Scope Bile acids play a crucial role in lipid absorption and the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic antioxidant, has been recognized for its positive effects on obesity and relat ..read more

In this prospective cohort study of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), higher ultraprocessed food (UPF) intakes are associated with increased risks of overall cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease, and heart failure. The higher risk of overall CVD associated with higher UPF consumption possibly goes through pathways that include renal function, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and body weight. Our study supports the need to stress the importance of decreasing UPF intake in dietary guidelines for T2D patients. Scope Among patients with diabetes, who have modified nutritiona ..read more

The material gut microbial short-chain fatty acid derived from fructooligosaccharides facilitates the regulation of energy metabolism in offspring. Scope Obesity and metabolic diseases are closely associated, and individuals who become obese are also prone to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Gut microbiota is mediated by diet and can influence host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Recent studies have suggested that improving gut microbiota through a fructooligosaccharide (FOS)-supplemented diet may ameliorate obesity and other metabolic disorders. Although ac ..read more

Wheat gluten may play a role for development of life-style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet. Mice feed high fat diet show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota and the immune cell profile in liver. Abstract The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammati ..read more

In this study, the molecular characterization and allergenicity analysis of Arginine Kinase (AK) from the edible insect Hermetia illucens are reported. AK carries putative linear and conformational epitopes, exhibits the ability to cross-react with mite and shrimp allergens, and therefore may pose a risk to allergic consumers. However, its structure is altered at high temperature and after digestion, possibly leading to reduced allergenicity. Scope Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme for energy metabolism of invertebrate cells by participating in the maintenance of constant levels of ..read more