Introduction: Ensete glaucum seeds have been shown to possess antidiabetic properties. However, the specific hypoglycemic activities of the compounds they contain remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the hypoglycemic effects of E. glaucum seed compounds and to explore their mechanisms of action, particularly their interaction with pancreatic islets. Methods: We employed spectroscopic techniques to determine the chemical structures of the isolated compounds, which we then compared with structures reported in the literature. In a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse mod ..read more

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Long-standing T2DM may lead to various macro- and microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Currently available treatments for T2DM target high plasma glucose levels but do not address T2DM-associated complications. In this report, the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transplantation in improving diabetic blood monitoring parameters among selected T2DM pat ..read more

Introduction: With the growing interest in exosomes for research and therapeutic applications, there's a critical need for effective enrichment strategies that can isolate exosomes in large quantities without contaminants. Despite various methods being developed, none have satisfactorily achieved this goal without contamination issues. This study introduces a novel approach for exosome separation - ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) - that leverages the negatively charged phospholipids on the exosomal surface for more effective isolation. Methods: The study developed a novel exosome separation ..read more

Introduction: Given the limited research on the effect of L-arginine in preventing preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), coupled with the importance of preventing these conditions, this study was conducted to investigate the potential preventative role of L-arginine on preeclampsia and IUGR in primigravida women. Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with primigravida women attending Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan city in 2021. An available sampling method was utilized to select the participants. The intervention group was treated with L-arginine at a ..read more

Introduction: The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular function and physiological balance. The degradation and injury of endothelial cells are critical pathological events in the progression of vascular diseases, leading to cell death. One such cell death mechanism, ferroptosis, is an iron-dependent form of necrosis characterized by extensive lipid peroxidation-mediated membrane damage and the toxic effects of iron and lipid peroxidation. Kaempferol, a flavonoid, is celebrated for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Despite these benefit ..read more

Introduction: The control of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a critical concern, especially for patients with diabetes, where the use of statins is essential. Despite this necessity, actual treatment practices and the achievement of LDL cholesterol targets are often suboptimal. This study aimed to assess the rate of LDL cholesterol goal attainment and examine statin prescribing habits within the cardiology and endocrinology departments of a tertiary hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective study encompassed 515 diabetic patients. We performed cardiovascul ..read more

Introduction: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) emerges as a promising biomarker for heart remodeling in the context of essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Additionally, the levels of certain plasma peptides might signal myocardial fibrosis and the progression of heart failure (HF) in hypertensive patients. Despite this potential, conflicting data exist regarding the marker's diagnostic value in HF patients. This study aims to explore the impact of anthropometric factors on plasma SIRT1 levels in men diagnosed with EAH and HF, considering the rs7069102 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SIRT1 gene ..read more

Cancer immunotherapy has become a groundbreaking approach in treatment, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showing exceptional success in blocking the pathways that tumors use to escape immune detection. This review delves into the clinical significance and predictive power of ICIs in the treatment of gastric cancer. It introduces ICIs, explaining their mechanisms of action, reviews key findings from critical trials, and discusses the role of programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) testing as a potential biomarker for selecting suitable patients. The review also addresses the limitations of PD ..read more

Background: Accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are essential in effectively managing infectious diseases during the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. For this study, the RT-PCR assay was used as the reference method, and the objective was to determine the concordance rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay (SARS-CoV-2 Ag) using the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLEIA) technique for identifying COVID-19 patients. Method: A total of 231 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from individuals with either COVID-19 (cycle threshold (Ct) values ≤ 40) or non-COVID ..read more

Objective: Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is an incurable clonal neoplasm of plasma cells, which typically presents a poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile of newly diagnosed plasma cell myeloma cases in two tertiary care centers in Malaysia and evaluate the association of aberrant immunophenotypic expression with prognostic factors and clinical stages. Methods: A four-year retrospective study of 78 newly diagnosed PCM cases was conducted at Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study retrieved data from medical records, includin ..read more