Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as a gold standard therapeutic option for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis. However, adaptation of LC is associated with increased risk of complications, particularly bile duct injury ranging from 0.3 to 0.6%. Occurrence of BDI results in difficult reconstruction, prolonged hospitalization, and high risk of long-term complications. Management of Bile duct injury depends on the nature of injury, time of detection, and the expertise available and would range from simple sub hepatic drainage to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy particularly perform ..read more

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused critical shortages of health human resources and medical supplies globally. These shortages probably resulted into inadequate management of COVID-19 cases and increased the risk of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers.  Bhutan being a small developing country, the existing health workforce deployed in various hospitals throughout the country are insufficient even for the routine health services. The Ministry of Health realizing the limitations of healthcare workers and medical supplies, decided that all COVID-19 positive cases in Bhutan be managed ..read more

The Sars-Cov-2 that causes Covid 19 has caused a worldwide pandemic, so understanding its pathogenesis, mutations, basic symptoms such as endothelial disease, diagnosis, use of convalescent plasma from the recovered patient, and the principles of vaccines to prevent the disease can be very useful. Articles from recent months in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus were reviewed and those that will help to understand the Covid-19 disease were selected. It was found that there is abundant literature that can support us to understand how Covid-19 develops and understand where the infection comes fro ..read more

Abstract Introduction:  In thalassemia major patients there is marked ineffective erythropoiesis occur leading to intramedullary hemolysis. To suppress the ineffective erythropoiesis  allogenic transfusion is given. So alloimmunisation is a common problem in transfusion dependant thalassemic patients leading to delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. Aim & Objective:  The aim of this study to identify the antibody specificity pattern in transfusion dependant thalassemia patients at our center. Material & Method: The study was conducted on  210 transfusion dependant ..read more

Abstract Convalescent plasma therapy has given good results with the patients under study, they have been able to support the symptomatic patient and quite encouraging results are obtained in their recovery. Articles from the last 9 months were reviewed in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus and those were selected that will help to understand its application and confirm that it is an alternative and complementary treatment to patients with Covid-19. It was found that there is abundant experimental and clinical literature on the use of convalescent plasma in different symptomatic stages of Covid ..read more

The COVID-19 pandemic generated stress situation on the world population and the mandatory adoption of personal protective equipment, especially the use of a mask to avoid possible infections. This caused the exacerbation of dermatological diseases such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Several measures have been developed to prevent and treat this kind of dermatology conditions, suggesting probiotics as an alternative and adjuvant in its treatment, acting as immunomodulators and improving cutaneous dysbiosis ..read more

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infection that affects QOL primarily. QOL of PLHIV has turned important after the spike in availability of ARV drugs.This study assessed QOL of PLHIV in Kolkata where the main transmission route of HIV/AIDS is sexual transmission, and explore the associated factors affecting the QOL. Materials and Methods WHOQOL- HIV BREF questionnaire in English and vernaculars was used which is a 31-item multiple-choice questionnaire. Study population of 150 patients underwent interview for 20 minutes. Soc ..read more

Introduction: The year 2020 is characterized by a pandemic due to a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19), which mostly afflicts aged patients and causes death. ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) acts as a receptor of the virus, allowing its passage in human cells. Aim:  The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature so far and searching for ex-vivo studies that have been carried out on human tissues. Materials and Methods: In this review, it is investigated, through the material found on Pubmed, the relationship between ACE2 and Coronavirus, up to May 2020. Results: Even ..read more

The research was conducted to assess Challenges faced by undergraduate nursing Students in Sokoto state, Nigeria, during Clinical Posting. The aim is to highlight major challenges faced by students undergoing undergraduate nursing study during their clinical posting, also possible causes and solution to this challenges. A prospective study employing a descriptive survey approach was conducted, targeting 300, 400 and 500 level undergraduate nursing students in the clinical year, 2017/2018 academic session. A 38-item self-developed questionnaire consisting of four sections, designed in line with ..read more