Context: The UNAIDS goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030 will be achieved primarily through the success of the three “95s” by 2030, and in particular the third “95 », which consists of achieving an undetectable viral load thanks to effective antiretroviral treatment. Achieving and maintaining viral suppression is the goal of ART and a good knowledge of the effectiveness of triple ARV therapies can help national HIV programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the two ARTs, Tenovofir + Lamivudine +Efavirenz (TDF+3TC+EFV) and Zidovudine+Lamivudi ..read more

Familial Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies are strongly associated with α-Synuclein (αS) missense mutations. One of these mutations, E46K, had been hypothesized to increase the electrostatic attraction of αS to neuronal vesicle membranes due to positively charged lysine that attracts negatively charged phospholipid head groups. Here, we confirm the biochemical mechanism of E46K through four compound mutants, each with three replacements with lysine on a cytosol-exposed position of the αS alpha helix. We show that the cytosolic αS to membrane-bo ..read more

Galectins (GAL) are β-galactoside binding proteins. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PMA on the regulation of galectin gene expression in bovine blood and neutrophils. Blood was collected from 3 clinically healthy Holstein cows. Neutrophils were isolated by differential centrifugation. Blood and neutrophils were treated with 10ng/ml of PMA or maintained in phosphate-buffered saline for 30 minutes at 370 C. Pooled total RNA were transcribed to cDNA for real-time PCR. Specific primers for bovine LGALS -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, -11, -12, and their binding proteins (b ..read more

Background: Although many GTN patients can be treated with chemotherapy, a small proportion of them will relapse after complete recovery. To the best of our knowledge, there is not any information in respect of relapsed GTN cases in our region. In the current study we have aimed to evaluation of the recurrence risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after serum βhCG normalization Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on registered hospital data of patients with confirmed GTN diagnosis following molar pregnancy who admitted to the gynecology ward of Imam Khomeini ..read more

Stuttering is a male-biased speech motor control disorder that lead to disruption in the rhythm of speech. The effect of sex on development of stuttering is well known; males are more susceptible to and less recovered from stuttering than female. Sex hormones have been studied as a main accused factor for this gender dependency of the disorder. The aim of this systematic review is to navigate the extent of previous research about the relationship of developmental stuttering and sex hormones. Toward these ends, a comprehensive, electronic review of past concepts regarding the relationship of st ..read more

Background and Objective: Inhalation of chemicals and toxins in cigarette and hookah smoke results in loss of integrity of oral cavity tissues. The objective of this study was to compare the periodontal health of hookah and cigarette smokers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 73 men at the age group of 20-35 years who smoked hookah for more than 5 years and 73 men at the same age who smoked cigarette for more than 5 years and 73 healthy men referred to the periodontal department of Mashhad dentistry school were selected and studied. Periodontal indices including pocket depth, GI, BOP, CAL ..read more

In this study natural carbohydrates such as glucose, galactose, xylose, fructose andlactose, are acetylated by acetic anhydride and sodium acetate catalyst. Anomeric configuration is deacetylated by (i-Pr)3Sn(OEt)as a catalyst, an easy synthetic regioselective deacetylation of full acetylated carbohydrates using (i--Pr)3Sn(OEt) is described. The acetylated carbohydrates reacted with HBr (solution in AcOH, 32 wt.%) for the bromination of anomeric position. The synthesis oxazaphosphorine, and bromo hexa alkyl Methylsulfonate derivatives from anomeric position of carbohydrates was reacted. FT IR ..read more

Background: Systemic inflammation is believed to have an important role in pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its related factors should be considered in monitoring of the disease. In the current study, possible link between inflammatory status and various related factors in patients with COPD was assessed. Method: Sixty-one COPD patients according to the inclusion criteria participated in this study. For assessing nutritional status, SGA (subjective global assessment) and 24-hour dietary recall method were used and Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was asses ..read more

Background and Goal: Open fractures are at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani and severe traumatic infections. Tetabulin injection is strongly recommended for the patients with an open fracture and severe wounds. The goal of this study is to assess the consistency of tetabulin injection to the patients with an open fracture referred to the Khatamolanbia hospital in Zahedan in 2017 with the national guidelines. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 300 patients with an open fracture referred to the ER of the Khatamolanbia Hospital in Zahedan in 2017 we ..read more

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as the enzyme of adult stem cells secreted from damage cells. In spite of low level of MMP9 enzyme in the mesenchymal stem cells, many inflammatory cytokines stimulation such as TNF-α could increase MMP9 level in cells. Current study evaluated the expression of the MMP9 enzyme under the influence of TNF-α in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were classified into control and experimental groups. In the experimental groups, various concentrations of the TNF-α (1ng/ml and 10ng/ml) were administrated in differen ..read more