I understand that the Y-chromosome is much shorter in length than the X-chromosome. I understand that the Y-chromosome is slowly, very slowly, getting shorter. In humans we have several different haplogroups of the Y-chromosome. Are all of the haplogroups the same length? Are all of the PAR regions of the same length and in the same place? Could length of the Y-chromosome affect the health of the gametes ..read more

Hi I am guessing this is the right place to ask this. I am building a Model of DNA using coloured craft sticks,  which happen to be in 4 colours  Red, Green, Yellow and Blue which is ideal for representing A G C T as the base molecules  Amine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine As I am putting these in pairs, can I have the same molecule connected together? e.g AA GG CC TT Looking at the diagram on the compound chemistry https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/03/24/dna/ I am guessing not,  as this does not show pairs that are the same. Just asking anyway. Going Ok so far, I just need so ..read more

It's said that we share a little bit more DNA with our mother, compared to our father. Does it also mean that we also share a little bit more DNA with cousins from our mother side, compared to our father side ..read more

And if so, how ..read more

What's the genetic mechanism behind this? It happens quite often.  One mechanism is de novo mutations. Anything else ..read more

Human eyes use ganglion neurons to compress data from raw photons and output simple shapes/motions that go to V1 cortex. V1 cortex processes those and compresses to data as objects and motions of objects that go to V2 cortex. A few thousand neurons should allow to put compressed visual data to human's cortices https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-light-sight-part-i-photons-neural-signals-gabriel-a-silva https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00424-007-0242-2 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08344 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/elon-musks-neuralink-has-implanted-its-first-chip ..read more

How to create a mechanism for changing an animal's eyes in response to hunger and satiety? I thought of mTOR1 detection and further expression of the GFP genes that we'll theoretically integrate into model animals eyes. How do I detect activation or inhibition of mTORC1? With the help of which receptors? It is clear that it changes its state depending on amino acid hunger/saturation, but how to send a command to the gene for GFP expression in response to this? How will the genes know when to stop? How can the already formed protein be destroyed after it stops being synthesized? is there anythi ..read more

Hello, some time ago i read an article about how many thousands of years it takes for DNA to double in length. It was news at the time and I expected they would expand on that in the future but now I can't seem find anything about it. Could someone point me in the right direction ? Thanks in advance ..read more

https://archive.is/2024.01.03-125833/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2024/01/fetal-maternal-cells-microchimerism/676996/ Years ago, the patient had carried a male embryo, whose cells had at some point wandered out of the womb. They’d ended up in his mother’s thyroid—and, almost certainly, a bunch of other organs too—and taken on the identities and functions of the female cells that surrounded them so they could work in synchrony. Bianchi, now the director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, was astonished: “Her thyroid had been en ..read more

This has been asked before but not adequately answered. "It's indicated online that 1–4% of the genetic material of modern non-African humans is Neanderthal DNA but this doesn't make sense when both Neanderthals and earlier-Sapiens both evolved from a common ancestor." I just don't know what "4%" this is referring to. Neanderthals and modern humans share a plethora of features; bilateral symmetry 2 eyes, 2 ears, 2 kidneys, 2 hands each with 4 fingers and a thumb; complex organs kidney, liver, lung, brain; and the chemicals and hormones that support them; and a million other things. Am I t ..read more