Product Design and Product Selection Design: By design, we understand to formulate a plan for the Satisfaction of a human need by making certain decisions. Designing: It is an iterative process, the design for the product and its production are not brought about in one action. Design Methodology: It is the science of methods that are or can be applied in designing Mechanical Design The mechanical design utilizes the knowledge gained from such studies as English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Statics, Strength of Materials, Graphics, Dynamics, Manufacturing Processes and ..read more

 Planning in Manufacturing By designing we understand, transferring an idea into graphical-drawing form with a view to ultimately manufacture it. Thus the inspiration for designing may be due to the following two reasons :  1. For the improvement of an old and existing item. 2. For the development of a new object and devices. Fundamental Requirements for Designing 1. Need: An object can be designed only when its need is felt. This need may be due to some essentiality like a pen needed in our day-to-day life. It may also be due to some desire and taste for beauty and appearance, say ..read more

Type of an Earthquakes 1. Tectonic Earthquake The earth's crust is made up of unevenly shaped slabs of rocks called tectonic plates. The energy stored here causes the tectonic plates to move towards away or push against each other. With time the stored energy and the movement of the tectonic plates build up the enormous pressure within the region between two plates. That intense pressure becomes the cause of the fault line and plates move over against or apart from each other. From the focus, waves of energy travel towards the surface thus shaking the surface within. From the epicenter of an ..read more

Bench mark in surveying is a fixed point of known elevation above the datum. Usually relatively permanent object having  in mark point whose elevation is known is taken as bench mark. These are establish by important agencies and in the form of metal disc, general bronze disc, set in concreted large rods, footpath, etc. A triangle is usually cut or painted around the Bench mark to indicates its location.  Type of bench mark The following types of bench marks are established and used, depending upon the permanency and precision. 1. G.T.S. Bench Marks: The great trigonomet ..read more

Seismic wave and types of seismic wave  Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. When an earthquake occurs, the shockwaves of released energy that shake the Earth and temporarily turn soft deposits, such as clay, into jelly (liquefaction) are called seismic waves, from the Greek ‘seismos’ meaning ‘earthquake’. Seismic waves are usually generated by movements of the Earth’s tectonic plates but may also be caused by explosions, vo ..read more

Seismic wave and types of seismic wave  Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. When an earthquake occurs, the shockwaves of released energy that shake the Earth and temporarily turn soft deposits, such as clay, into jelly (liquefaction) are called seismic waves, from the Greek ‘seismos’ meaning ‘earthquake’. Seismic waves are usually generated by movements of the Earth’s tectonic plates but may also be caused by explosions, vo ..read more

Type of an Earthquakes 1. Tectonic Earthquake The earth crust is made up of unevenly shaped slab of rocks called tectonic plates. The energy stored here causes the tectonic plates to move towards away or push against each other. With time the stored energy and the movement of the tectonic plates build up the enormous pressure within the region between two plates. That intense pressure becomes the cause of the fault line and plates move over against or apart from each other. From the focus, waves of energy travel towards the surface thus shaking the surface within. From the epicenter of an eart ..read more

Bench mark and type of bench mark Bench mark is a fixed point of known elevation above the datum. Usually relatively permanent object having  in mark point whose elevation is known is taken as bench mark. These are establish by important agencies and in the form of metal disc, general bronze disc, set in concreted large rods, footpath, etc. A triangle is usually cut or painted around the Bench mark to indicates its location.  Type of bench mark The following types of bench marks are established and used, depending upon the permanency and precision. 1. G.T.S. Bench Marks: The great ..read more

Initial setting time of cement The chemical reaction soon starts and the cement paste remains plastic for a short period, when water is added to cement and mixed properly. During this period it is possible to remix the paste and this period is called initial setting time and initial setting time of cement should not be less than 30 minutes for OPC and 1hour for low heat cement. It is assumed that no hardening will start in this period. As the time passes, the reaction is continued and cement begins to harding and time elapse at the times of mixing water to hardened is known as final setti ..read more

 A Traverse is a series of connected line whose length and direction are measure in the field. The field work in a theodolite traverse consists of the following: (i) reconnaissance, (ii) selection and marking of stations, (ii) measurement of traverse lines, (iv) angular measurements and (v) picking up the details. Types of Traverse In Open Traverse, the end point is not the same at the starting point, the traverse start at a point P and goes along a direction that does not return to the point P. Fig 1: Open Traverse In Closed Traverse, the traverse end at the starting point forming a c ..read more