Modernity is quite distinct from antiquity. Its wholesome anticipation and transformation as a way of life has transcended from the North Atlantic to various civilisational societies across the world. The receipt of ideals, tools, ethical considerations and components of modernity in societies and governments had its own set of phases, two of which in the 20th century are obviously visible –end of the Cold War and the early days of the United Nations. Now, it is obvious to point out the Eurocentric and Americophile origins of modernity to provide genuine criticism of several policies and acti ..read more

Introduction Established in 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU/EEU), consists of five major member States. These include Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. One of the primary reasons that promote the need for expansion of the network along this free trade area is banked on the fact that with its nominal GDP at $2 trillion ($4.5 trillion at purchasing power parity), and population of 183 million people, the Eurasian Economic Union, however sizable, is not a self-sufficient market, at least as far as concerns about higher-value-added goods stand (Evgeny Vinokurov, 2020 ..read more

Introduction On 20th December 2020, the High Court of Delhi while dealing with the case between Future Retails Limited (FRL) and Amazon Inc., clarified an important legal point relating to the validity of “emergency arbitral awards” under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Court was hearing a plea by Future Retail Ltd. to issue an order of interim injunction to restrain Amazon Inc. from writing to Indian statutory authorities including the Competition Commission of India and the Securities Exchange Board of India about an emergency arbitral award passed by the Singapore Internatio ..read more

Introduction Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a public security concern since it sabotages the sovereignty and security of a nation by undermining its sea security and marine defense structures thus affecting the overall administrative control of a country. IUU fishing progressively erodes the world's economic and social order (Cutlip, 2016). IUU fishing receives maximum acknowledgment when it comes to economic, administrative, ecological, and food security-based threats and challenges. However, this acknowledgment has mostly remained in deliberations and seldom evolved in ..read more

Introduction Technological progress combined with several governmental and non-governmental efforts to create a digitalised economy and society has caused extensive data pooling which has endangered the right to privacy. In recent years, both the Government, and corporate organisations have become data miners, collecting information about activities, behaviour and lifestyles of individuals and groups, for their own benefits such as for the purposes of surveillance as well as targeted advertisement and targeted business related activities. It is strangely a conspiratorial truth of the surveilla ..read more

Background On 18th December 2020, the International Court of Justice released its much awaited verdict on the centuries long dispute in Guyana v. Venezuela (Arbitral Award of 03rd October 1899). Located in the North- East region of the South American continent, Guyana is bordered by Venezuela to the West. At the time the present dispute arose, Guyana was still a British colony, known as British Guiana. It gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26th May 1966. The dispute between Guyana and Venezuela dates back to a series of events that took place during the second half of the nineteent ..read more

The Bahrain v. Qatar Case: An Overview In June 2017, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Bahrain [hereinafter referred to as the Four States] had cut diplomatic relations with the State of Qatar (Kerr, 2017), accusing it of supporting and harbouring terrorist and sectarian groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, causing instability and extremism in the region. Apart from recalling their diplomatic missions, ordering all Qatari nationals to leave their countries, banning Qatari businesses like the Qatar Airways, blocking their nat ..read more

This article is co-authored by Sameep Khanal. Introduction International Court of Justice has adjudicated the cases of immense magnitude by using its expansive interpretation and not restricting itself strictly to the bilateral dynamics, in turn encouraging litigation in the so-called “big cases”. But the judgement of the Marshall Islands case has flooded the courts with sceptical scrutiny on whether the ICJ is always open to litigation. The decision adjudicated in the Marshall Islands(2016)case has certainly raised questions on whether world court is sceptical on making judicial pronouncement ..read more

This article is co-authored by Sameep Khanal. Introduction In this article, the authors will analyse the investment awards under the Indian legislation and case laws. Authors will also try to contextualize Indian legislation in south Asia and draw parallels to the extent possible with south Asian experience in enforcing investment awards. Further authors will also try to explore options for providing much-required clarity on the enforceability of investment awards in India after Vodafone award. Model BIT and Revisionism The 2015 draft of a model Indian bilateral investment treaty (the “Model B ..read more

Introduction In the last decade, two member countries of the European Union (hereinafter “EU”), Greece and the United Kingdom have seen an extended and messy exit from the Union. Famously labelled Grexit and Brexit respectively, the two events have brought with them many questions. Primarily, one must be wondering what led to two members breaking away and whether the Union is worth joining in the first place. This article will briefly deal with the causes behind Brexit and the proposed Grexit and then analyse the case of Norway, which refused the membership of the Union in two separate referen ..read more