Srupharma
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Srupharma
3y ago
steam Jacketed Kettle or Evaporating Pan Principle of steam jacket kettle
Principle : Steam is supplied to a jacketed kettle (evaporating pan) in which aqueous extract is placed. Steam gives out heat to the kettle. The heat is transferred to the aqueous extract by conduction and convection. The temperature raises and the escaping tendency of the solvent molecules into vapour increases. Stirring further enhances the vaporisation of solvent molecules.
Construction : It is a hemispherical structure consisting of an inner pan called kettle. It is enveloped with an outer pan called ja ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Principle of rotary cutter Mill
In the cutter mill, size reduction involves successive cutting or shearing the feed material with the help of sharp knives.
Construction of a rotary cutter mill.
The milling chamber consists of two types of knives, namely rotating knives and stationary knives.
A horizontally mounted rotor disc consists of 2 to 12 knives spaced uniformly. The casing also has several stationary knives. The hopper is placed above it.
The bottom of casing holds a screen that controls the size of the material. Discharge chute is attached at the bottom of the mill.
Fig ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Eye drops / ophthalmic preparations
Eye drops are sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions of drugs that are instilled into the eye with a dropper. They are used both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and contain drugs which act on the anterior segment of the eye : the cornea, conjunctiva and anterior uvea.
They usually contain drugs used as antimicrobial agents (antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals) anti-inflammatory agents, Cycloplegics, diagnostic stains, corticosteroids and artificial tears. They also contain drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma, loc ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
What is ophthalmic products ?
Ophthalmic products are the sterile products, meant for instillation into the eye in the space between the eye lids and the eye balls. These products must be sterile and are prepared under the same conditions and by the same methods as other parenteral preparations. Ophthalmic products include:-
Types of ophthalmic products
Eye drops
Eye lotions
Eye ointments
Eye suspensions
Contact lens solutions.
Ophthalmic products
Essential Characteristics of Different Ophthalmic Preparations&n ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
In recent years there has been a great increase in the number of objectionable advertisements published in newspapers and magazines etc relating to alleged cures for venereal diseases, sexual stimulants and about diseases and conditions peculiar to women.
These advertisements tend to cause the ignorant and the inattentive to resort to self-medication with harmful drugs and appliances, or to resort to quacks who indulge in such advertisements for treatments which cause great harm to the health of individuals. It was necessary in the public interest to put a stop to such undesirabl ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Pharmaceutical jurisprudence
The term, Jurisprudence' means study of fundamental laws governing particular area. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence is the branch of Pharmacy that deals with various legislations drugs and pharmaceuticals and to the profession of pharmacy.
The subject of Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence covers the study comprising various Acts, Rules, Statutes and Schedules which directly or indirectly influences the profession of pharmacy. The various legislations in pharmacy are enacted keeping in view of regulating pharmacy education, pharmaceutical industry and pharmacy pract ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Principle of Krystal crystallizer
In Krystal crystallizer , concentration of liquid and crystallization are obtained in different chambers , namely vapour head and crystalling chamber .
The concentration of liquid ( supersaturation ) is induced by evaporation of hot solvent with the help of a vacuum pump . In the crystallization chamber , the supersaturated solution and crystals are maintained in a fluidised state for uniform crystal growth . As the crystals of desired size settle down by gravity , the fine crystals and supersaturated solution is recirculated for further crystall ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Swenson Walker Crystallizer
Principle of Swenson Walker Crystallizer
Crystallization is induced by passing the cold water in a direction opposite to the flow of hot concentrated solution . This results in supersaturation and subsequent deposition of crystals are deposited . agitation prevents the accumulation of crystals on the cooling surface The crystals are simultaneously separated from the mother liquor and therefore it can be used as a continuous process
Construction of Swenson Walker crystallizer :
1. It is a linear type and consists of ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Diagnosis of myocardial infarction
The diagnosis are made by EKG findings physical examination, and biochemical parameters. New regional wall motion abnormalities on an echocardiogram are 'also the cause of an acute myocardial infarction.
A cardiac stress test (to check the blood flow to the heart muscle) may give an evidence of an old myocardial infarction. It can be avoided in the first 24 hours after an acute myocardial infarction due to the increased arrhythmic risk in the peri-infarct period.
The general appearance of the patients may vary according to the symptoms; the pat ..read more
Srupharma
3y ago
Definition of Myocardial infarction:
A heart attack briefly MI. The term "myocardial infarction" focuses on the myocardium (the heart muscle) and the changes that occur in it due to the sudden deprivation of circulating blood. The primary change is necrosis (death) of myocardial tissue. The word "infarction" derived from the Latin word "infarcire" meaning” Cram or to plug up." It refers to the clogging of the artery.
Introduction:
Commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the hea ..read more