Techniques to increase attached gingiva The following classifications are presented to better understand the techniques to increase the width of attached gingiva:  1) Gingival augmentation apical to the area of recession A graft, either pedicle or free, is placed on a recipient bed apical to the recessed gingival margin. No attempt is made to cover the denuded root surface where there is gingival and bone recession.  Commonly used techniques for it is? 1. Free gingival autograft 2. Free connective tissue autograft 3. Apically displaced flap 2) Gingival augmentation coro ..read more

  Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas Some People Have Fallen Fresher's Party Tonight Come Lets Sing And Call Seniors. Please Have Fun ..read more

  Anterior Triangle of neck BOUNDARIES The boundaries of the anterior triangle of neck are: The anterior median plane of the neck medially sternocleidomastoid laterally base of the mandible and a line joining the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process/ superiorly. SUBDIVISIONS The anterior triangle is subdivided (by the digastric muscle and the superior belly of the omohyoid into: a. Submental b. Digastric c. Carotid d. Muscular triangles SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE This is a median triangle. It is bounded as follows. On each side, there is the anterior belly of the corresponding digastric m ..read more

Table Of Contents  Bone reduction Reduction is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration. Reduction could be by "closed" or "open" methods: Open reduction :  is where the fracture fragments are exposed surgically by dissecting the tissues.An open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) puts pieces of a broken bone into place using surgery. Screws, plates, sutures, or rods are used to hold the broken bone together. Cl ..read more

The differences between child and adults with respect to treatment have long been emphasized by Hippocrates in the 5th Century BC and by Celsius in 4th Century AD.  An adult requires a service to be carried out in his mouth  and if he is not satisfied he will seek satisfaction elsewhere, whereas the child attends the dental service because he is forced to do so and will have to return even if he does not like the treatment. We  may  expect  the  adult  to  put  up  with  unavoidable  discomfort;  therefore  he  has&n ..read more

  The connective tissue of the marginal gingiva is densely collagenous, and it contains a prominent system of collagen fiber bundles called the gingival fibers.  These fibers consist of type I collagen.  The gingival fibers have the following functions: 1. To brace the marginal gingiva firmly against the tooth  2. To provide the rigidity necessary to withstand the forces of mastication without being deflected away from the tooth surface 3. To unite the free marginal gingiva with the cementum of the root and the adjacent attached gingiva. The gingival fibers are arranged ..read more

  It is also called as ‘candidosis’.  An older name for this disease is ‘moniliasis’.  Candidiasis is the disease caused by infection with yeast-like fungus Candida albicans.  Oral involvement is probably the most common manifestation of human candidal infection.  It can occur either solely confined to the oral mucosa or as a part of any of the several mucocutaneous candidiasis syndromes. Causative Organisms  It is caused by Candida albicans (the yeast-like fungus occurs in yeast and mycelial forms).  Other candida species which can cause candidiasis are ..read more

1. Indicate the incorrect statement regarding macrognathia ?  A) It is commonly associated with Paget’s disease B) Patients tend to have a short ramus C) Excessive condylar growth predisposes to macrognathia D) Patients have a prominent chin button ...Answer is B) Macrognathia may be associated with other diseases like Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, acromegaly, etc. and shows features like increased ramus height and length of mandibular body, decreased maxillary length, prominent chin button increased gonial angle, etc. Show Answer 2. Which amongst the ..read more

Streptococci are Gram positive cocci which are arranged in chains.  They are part of the normal human flora. Some of them are important human pathogens causing pyogenic infections.  They grow poorly in simple media but their growth is enhanced by the addition of fermentable carbohydrate (e.g. glucose), blood or serum.  Classification Streptococci are divided into aerobic Streptococci,obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. Aerobic and facultative anaerobes are classified on the basis of their haemolytic properties. Three types of haemolytic reactions are observe ..read more

Biopsy is a Greek word. By-Op-See. Bio-Life, Opsy-To Look. Ruge and Johamvert in 1870, in Berlin, first introduced a concept of biopsy. In 1889,Emarch emphasized on the confirmation of the diagnosis via biopsy.  The term biopsy most often indicates the removal of suitably representative tissue from a living subject for histological microscopic evaluation and analysis to obtain diagnosis. It is important for the clinician to obtain a proper specimen from the lesion for evaluation and final diagnosis. Aims To establish the diagnosis of the lesion  To grade the tumor  To detec ..read more