columns Columns are vertical compression members used  to transfer loads of the structure such as building , factory floors , cinema balconies , auditorium halls , floor of framed building etc.To the foundation below . The transfer of loads may be: Direct from the roof or floor slab through the columns to the foundation.  Indirect through a beams to the columns and then  to the foundation. Columns  Only those vertical members whose effective length is more than three times least lateral dimension are called columns . pedestals    those ver ..read more

TYPES OF STEEL BARS  Forms of steel bars  Mild steel plain bars  High strength deformed steel bar  Hard- drawn steel wire fabric conforming bar Structural steel conforming to grade  MILD STEEL BAR   (Fe 250)    The mild steel bars are plain round and hot rolled bars. These bars have plain surface and have sufficient bond at their ends hooks and bends at their ends for anchorages these bar bend easily and weldable . mild steel bars defined yield point. Plain mild steel bars strength 250 N/mm2 2) HIGH YIELD STRENGTH DEFORMED BAR (HYSD ..read more